Sheep and goat smallpox disease

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The sheeppox (Syn. Sheep pox , goat pox ) is one of the smallpox related and their clinically similar viral disease of sheep and goats . The disease occurs in Africa , Asia and Turkey , and from there seldom also in Southeastern Europe , which means that there is a risk of introduction to Central Europe. Smallpox is one of the notifiable animal diseases . The disease last occurred in Germany in 1920. Man is not susceptible to the disease.

Pathogen

Capripox virus
Systematics
Classification : Viruses
Area : Varidnaviria
Empire : Bamfordvirae
Phylum : Nucleocytoviricota
Class : Pokkesviricetes
Order : Chitovirals
Family : Poxviridae
Subfamily : Chordopoxvirinae
Genre : Capripox virus
Type : Capripoxvirus ovis , Capripoxvirus caprae
Taxonomic characteristics
Genome : dsDNA linear
Baltimore : Group 1
Cover : available
Scientific name
Sheeppox virus , Goatpox virus
Short name
SPV, GtPV
Left
NCBI  Taxonomy: 10265
ViralZone ( ExPASy , SIB): 152
ICTV Taxon History: 201854753 (SPV) ,
201854751 (GtPV)

The causative agents of these diseases belong to the genus Capripoxvirus within the subfamily Chordopoxvirinae of the smallpox viruses , namely to the species sheeppox virus ( Sheeppox virus , SPV, outdated: Capripoxvirus ovis , type species) or goatpox virus ( Goatpox virus , GtPV), outdated Capripoxvirus, Capripoxvirus . The Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) also belongs to the same genus . The genome consists of a single (i.e., unsegmented) linear double-stranded DNA molecule.

The disease is the same in both groups of animals. The transmission occurs through direct contact with carriers of infection. Some of the most recent outbreaks in Europe were in Bulgaria in September 1996 and in Greece in November 2000 .

clinic

Sheep and goat smallpox disease
Skin lump in the armpit of a sheep with smallpox disease

Smallpox disease is the most serious smallpox disease in animals. The death rate in lambs can be over 50%. The lesions affect both the skin and the mucous membranes of the respiratory and digestive systems . In severely diseased animals, a developed pneumonia .

diagnosis

Clinically, a diagnosis can be made with a high degree of probability. It is supported by electron microscopic evidence of the smallpox virus in material from the lesions. In the cytoplasm of skin cells can be eosinophilic inclusion evidence. The virus antigen can be detected using ELISA . Also, the antibody detection by indirect immunofluorescence test or a virus neutralization test is possible, but rarely applies.

Combat

In endemic areas are vaccines used. Outside the endemic areas, the animal disease is notifiable in most countries and outbreaks are combated by isolating the epidemic and killing sick animals.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Animal Disease Report 2011 by the BMELV . In: Deutsches Tierärzteblatt. (DTBL) Volume 60, May 2012, pp. 714–715.
  2. ↑ a b c d e ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Variola virus , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)
  3. ↑ NCBI : Sheeppox virus (species)
  4. ↑ ICTV : Sheeppox virus , ICTV taxonomy history
  5. ↑ NCBI: Goatpox virus (species)
  6. ↑ ICTV: Goatpox virus , ICTV taxonomy history

Web links

Commons : Sheep and Goat Smallpox  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files