Pontic daphne
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Pontic Daphne ( Daphne pontica ) |
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The Pontus Seidelbast ( Daphne pontica ) is a plant type from the genus Seidelbast ( Daphne ) and belongs to the family of Thymelaeaceae (Thymelaeaceae). It is native to the southern Black Sea region - from Bulgaria to the western Caucasus - and in northern Iran .
description
Vegetative characteristics
The Pontic Daphne is an upright, sparsely branched evergreen shrub that reaches heights of 40 to 100 cm. Leafy young twigs are green and bare, older twig sections develop reddish-brown bark and lose the leaves. The alternately arranged, simple and undivided leaves that are crowded at the branch ends are almost sessile. The leaf blades are glabrous, obovate , elliptical or oblong elliptical, (2.5–) 3–8 (–9.5) cm long and (1–) 1.5–3 (–4.5) cm wide. They are narrowed towards the base and pointed or more rarely blunt at the front. In plants of the typical subspecies the leaf blades are leathery, in the Caucasian subspecies subsp. haematocarpa (= Daphne albowiana ) usually thin, not leathery.
Generative characteristics
The (1–) 2–2.5 (–4) cm long stalked, mostly two-flowered inflorescences are in the axils of smaller bracts in the lower part of this year's shoots. The flowers are usually stalked 3–8 mm long, with subsp. haematocarpa but only 2–3 mm long. Their bracts remain undeveloped.
The hermaphrodite , four-fold flowers are yellowish-green and have a weak smell. The bald tube of the petals is 7-10 mm long in typical forms and about as long as the curved back petals. These narrow, lanceolate, pointed perigone lobes are slightly different in size and (5–) 8–10 mm long. With subsp. haematocarpa , the flower tube is 10–12 mm long, the perigone lobes are more distinct, the longer 8–10 mm, the shorter 5–6 mm long. The eight stamens are inserted into the flower tube in two circles at their upper end. The Upper constant, hidden in the flower tube, unilocular ovary is bald. At its base there is a 0.25 mm high annular disc . The heady scar sits on a 0.25-0.5 mm long stylus .
The solitary drupes sit on nodding fruit stalks, are glabrous, ovoid to almost spherical and have a diameter of 7–8 mm. In the typical subspecies they are black when ripe, in subsp. haematocarpa bright red. The stone core is pear-shaped.
The plant blooms from March to August.
Chromosomes
The Pontic Daphne has a diploid set of chromosomes with 2n = 18.
distribution and habitat
The main distribution area of the pontic daphne is the southern Pontic region, i.e. the southern border of the Black Sea from southeastern Bulgaria via northern Turkey to Georgia . The species is also found in northern Iran. The subspecies haematocarpa (= Daphne albowiana ) is restricted to the western Caucasus region, where it grows both in Georgia and in the Russian part of the mountains.
The Pontic daphne is widespread over a considerable height range from sea level to 2200 m above sea level . In Georgia the typical subspecies grows in the lower altitudes up to about 1000 m above sea level, while subsp. haematocarpa populated higher mountain areas between 1800 and 2200 m. The latter subspecies occurs on the Russian northern cape of the West Caucasus but also in lower elevations at 400–800 m above sea level.
The Pontic daphne grows mainly on the edges of the forest, especially in the area of fir - beech forests. But it also populates scrubland with rhododendrons and hazel as well as rocky slopes made of igneous rock or limestone . The species can also be found in grazed terrain in the high areas.
Taxonomy and systematics
The species was in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in his fundamental work Species Plantarum described . An illustration by Joseph Pitton de Tournefort , which Linnaeus had quoted, was chosen as the lectotype .
Populations from the western Caucasus region are considered by some authors as a separate species Daphne albowiana Voronow ex Pobed. distinguished. More recent sources, however, usually treat these plants under the name Daphne pontica subsp. haematocarpa Voronow as a subspecies of the Pontic daphne. This clan differs mainly through shorter, only 2-3 mm long flower stalks and bright red fruits when ripe.
Within the genus daphne ( Daphne ), the Pontic daphne is consistently placed in the closer relationship of the laurel daphne ( Daphne laureola ), for example in the Flora of the USSR together with this in the Laureola Meisn section . , which also includes the Caucasian species Daphne glomerata . More recently, the Czech botanist Josef Jakob Halda has put the Pontic daphne together with Daphne albowiana in a separate section Pontica Halda and classified it in the subgenus Pseudolaurus Halda with the type species Daphne laureola . This sub-genus roughly corresponds to the Laureola Meisn section .
etymology
The specific epithet pontica and the German-language name refer to the ancient landscape of Pontos on the south coast of the Black Sea , where the focus of the distribution of the species is. The name of the subspecies haematocarpa is derived from the ancient Greek words αἷμα ( haîma , dt. Blood ) and καρπός ( karpós , dt. Fruit ) and means (blood) red fruit . The generic name Daphne is derived from the Latin daphne or the ancient Greek δάφνη ( dáphnē ). Both originally referred to the bay tree ( Laurus nobilis ).
use
The Pontic daphne is rarely used as an ornamental plant for groups of trees. It has been in culture since 1752 at the latest.
swell
- Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Birkhäuser, Basel / Boston / Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-7643-2390-6 .
- Kit Tan 1982: 1. Daphne L. In: Davis PH (Ed.): Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 7. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, ISBN 0-85224-396-0 , pp. 521-526.
- Pobedimova EG 1974: Family CIX. Thymelaeaceae Adans. In: Shishkin BK, Bobrov EG (ed.): Flora of the USSR (Flora SSSR). Vol. XV: Malvales, Parietales, Myrtiflorae. Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moskva-Leningrad, 1949, translated from Russian, Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, ISBN 0-7065-1470-X , pp. 361-387. - online
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ivanova D., Vladimirov V. 2007: Chromosome numbers of some woody species from the Bulgarian flora. Phytologia Balcanica 13: 205-207. - PDF
- ↑ a b Kit Tan 1982 , p. 523.
- ↑ a b c d Pobedimova EG 1974 , pp. 366-368. - online
- ↑ Linnaeus C. 1753: Species Plantarum. Tomus I. Stockholm, p. 357. - Online
- ↑ Kit Tan 1982 , p. 522.
- ↑ Rogers ZS: Daphne albowiana. In: Tropicos.org: A World Checklist of Thymelaeaceae (version 1). Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed November 14, 2012 .
- ↑ Pedrol J. 2011: Thymelaeaceae. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published on the Internet ( online ), accessed November 14, 2012.
- ^ Halda JJ 1998: Some taxonomic problems in the genus Daphne. Acta Musei Richnoviensis, sect. nature. 5: 133-160. - PDF ( Memento of the original from November 29, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Genaust H. 1996 , p. 501.
- ↑ Genaust H. 1996 , p. 277. - Preview in the Google book search
- ↑ Genaust H. 1996 , p. 130. - Preview with the Google book search
- ↑ Genaust H. 1996 , p. 199. - Preview in the Google book search
- ↑ Jäger EJ, Ebel F., Hanelt P., Müller GK (Ed.) 2008: Rothmaler - Exkursionsflora von Deutschland. Volume 5: Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants. Spectrum Academic Publishing House, Berlin / Heidelberg, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 .
Web links
- Daphne pontica. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), ARS, National Genetic Resources Program, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, accessed November 14, 2012 .