Common plate herb

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Common plate herb
Common plate herb (Claytonia perfoliata)

Common plate herb ( Claytonia perfoliata )

Systematics
Eudicotyledons
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Spring herb family (Montiaceae)
Genre : Plate herbs ( Claytonia )
Type : Common plate herb
Scientific name
Claytonia perfoliata
Thursday ex Willd.

The common plate herb ( Claytonia perfoliata ), also called Cuba spinach , winter purslane or postelein or winter postelein (in the English- speaking world miner's lettuce , spring beauty or Indian lettuce ), is a species of the species plate herbs ( Claytonia ) within the spring herb family ( Montiaceae). It is originally native to western North America, in central and western Europe it occurs as a neophyte . It is grown in Central Europe, is hardy and is therefore occasionally used as a winter vegetable .

description

Common plate herb ( Claytonia perfoliata ), flowering
blossoms
Seeds with elaiosome
Winter postelein ( Claytonia perfoliata )
Claytonia perfoliata subsp. intermontana

The common plate herb is a fleshy annual herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 10 to 30 centimeters. It forms a basal leaf rosette . The first basal leaves are rhombic-ovate, long-stalked and fleshy. Later leaves grow in pairs below the inflorescence to form leaves that look like a single circular leaf has been pierced by the stem . These bracts have a diameter of up to 30 millimeters. Above these leaves, the flowers appear in groups of 5 to 40 from February to May or June . The relatively small flowers are hermaphroditic . The white or pink petals are 2 to 4 millimeters long.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 36. According to other statements, the numbers 2n = 12, 24, or 60 also occur; in Claytonia perfoliata subsp. intermontana the number 2n = 24, 36 or 48.

ecology

The common plate herb is a therophyte .

There is self-pollination .

This plant species provides habitat for caterpillars of the species Annaphila abdita , Annaphila arvalis , Annaphila diva and Hyles lineata . Due to the unusual shape of the leaves, the plant cannot be confused with other species.

Occurrence

The native plate herb is in the mountainous and coastal regions of western North America , from southern Alaska and central British Columbia to Central America . It is most common in California in the Sacramento Valley and northern San Joaquin Valley . Today it is also widespread in Central and Western Europe, in the southern hemisphere it was naturalized in Australia and New Zealand, further adventive occurrences are in southern Argentina. In Europe it is a neophyte in Portugal, Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Great Britain, Ireland, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Germany, the Czech Republic, Denmark and Sweden.

In Central Europe, the common plate herb is particularly widespread in the northwestern lowlands. It thrives on fields and short-lived weed meadows and appears after the first heavy spring rain.

According to Ellenberg , the common plate herb is a half-shade to half-light plant, it shows moderate warmth to warmth, freshness, weak bases and nitrogen-richness and tolerates neither salt nor heavy metals. It thrives in Central Europe on nutrient-rich, preferably sandy soils in societies of the Alliarion association.

Naming

The species name perfoliata ("with through-growing leaves") and the German common name plate herb refer to the bracts that surround the stem flat. The plant is called Cubaspinach because settlers brought it from Northwest America to the Caribbean , from where it came to Western Europe via Australia in 1749 . The common name was finally given to the common plate herb , miner's lettuce and Indian lettuce , because Indians and miners used it as a salad plant.

Systematics

Claytonia perfoliata was first published by James Donn in Carl Ludwig von Willdenow . A synonym for Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willd. is Montia perfoliata (Donn ex Willd.) Howell .

From Claytonia perfoliata there are three geographically defined subspecies, which have separated from each other in North America:

  • Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willd. subsp. perfoliata : Further varieties of this subspecies are known.
  • Claytonia perfoliata subsp. intermontana John M.Miller & KLChambers : It occurs in British Columbia, Oregon, Washington, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming, Arizona and California.
  • Claytonia perfoliata subsp. mexicana (Rydberg) John M.Miller & KLChambers : It occurs in Arizona, California, New Mexico, Mexico and Guatemala.

Claytonia perfoliata var. Utahensis (Rydb.) Poelln. gets better than subspecies Claytonia parviflora Douglas ex Hooker subsp. utahensis (Rydberg) John M. Miller & KL Chambers placed on Claytonia parviflora . It occurs in Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah and Mexico (Baja California).

ingredients

The leaves contain vitamin C , magnesium , calcium and iron , but little of the unwanted nitrate that is often a problem with other lettuce plants .

Cultivation, cuisine, recipes

The seeds of the Cubaspinach only germinate at a temperature below 12 ° C and are therefore sown in the period from September to March (hence winter purslane). The in trade Cuba spinach offered comes almost exclusively from greenhouses. The harvest is done at an early stage of growth. If the tender leaves are not cut too deeply, several harvests are possible in the season from November to April. For storage, the fleshy leaves of the common plate herb are loosely placed in a bowl covered with a damp cloth. The leaves can be kept in the refrigerator at 2 to 4 ° C for a maximum of six to eight days.

The common plate herb is edible almost in its entirety: young leaves, stems and even flowers can be eaten raw, older leaves only cooked. Raw leaves have a very similar taste to lamb's lettuce , but with less flavor. When cooked, they taste similar to spinach .

  • Raw: Young leaves, stems and flowers, if available, are ideal. All together as a salad, e.g. B. with hard-boiled egg halves as well as vinegar and oil.
  • Boiled: Leaves and stems are boiled in a little water until they are tender, young parts a maximum of 3 to 4 minutes, the washed roots just as briefly. With butter and a little spice, a taste similar to water chestnuts develops .

Ethnobotany

The common plate herb was not only consumed by California miners during the gold rush . There is also evidence of its use as food and medicinal herbs by Indians . The Shoshone are said to have used the plant in poultices against rheumatic pain. The Nlaka'pamux used it for eye pain and the Mahuna drank the juice when they lost their appetite. There is evidence of its use as food in several other Indian tribes.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willd., Plate herb. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ^ Claytonia perfoliata at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  3. ↑ GS Robinson et al. a .: HOSTS - a database of the hostplants of the world's Lepidoptera. On http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/projects/hostplants/
  4. ↑ a b T. S. Elias: Edible Wild Plants: A North American Field Guide. ISBN 0-8069-7488-5 . Sterling Publishing Company Inc. 1990. p. 95.
  5. ^ Pertti Johannes Uotila, 2011: Portulacaceae . Datasheet Claytonia perfoliata In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
  6. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 357 .
  7. ↑ a b c d John M. Miller: Claytonia. : Claytonia - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 4: Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1 , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2003, ISBN 0-19-517389-9 .
  8. ^ F. Massholder: Lebensmittellexikon.de.
  9. ^ DE Moerman: Native American Ethnobotany. ISBN 0-88192-453-9 . Timber Press. 1998. p. 167. Online database on [1]

See also

Web links

Commons : Ordinary plate herb ( Claytonia perfoliata )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files