Primrose gladiolus
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Primrose gladiolus ( Gladiolus dalenii ) |
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| Gladiolus dalenii | ||||||||||||
| Van Geel |
The primrose gladiolus ( Gladiolus dalenii ) is a species of the genus gladiolus ( Gladiolus ) in the family of the iris family (Iridaceae). It is one of the parent species of the garden gladiolus ( Gladiolus × hortulanus ).
features
The primrose gladiolus is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 0.25 to 1.50 m. As a perennial organ, this geophyte forms tubers with a diameter of about 2.5 to 3.5 cm and they have long runners. The mostly unbranched stem has a diameter of 3 to 4 mm. The alternate leaves distributed in two rows on the stem are simple, long, sword-shaped, parallel-veined, about 30 to 60 centimeters long and about 1 to 4 centimeters wide. The leaf margin is smooth.
Terminal, branched or unbranched, ear-like inflorescences are formed, which contain 2 to 2.8 (1.5 to 3.5) cm long, green to reddish bracts and usually five to nine (rarely up to twelve) flowers. The sessile, hermaphrodite, threefold flowers are zygomorphic . The curved and gradually widened flower tube is about (1.2 to) usually 1.8 to 2 cm long. There are two by three differently shaped bracts, they are either orange-red to pink or rarely yellow to whitish, without patterns. The tips are pointed, the upper one covers the scar like a helmet. There is only the inner circle with three free, fertile stamens , because they are opposite the outer bracts. The stamens have a length of 8 to 10 mm and the anthers are 7 to 12 mm long. Three carpels have become an under constant ovary grown. The stylus ends in three pits. The flowering period usually extends from July to September.
The triple capsule fruit has a length of 15 to 20 (rarely up to 25) mm and contains many seeds.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 30, 60 or 90.
Occurrence
The primrose gladiolus occurs in wood and grass savannas in Ethiopia , southern Arabia, Senegal , southwestern Angola , East Africa and South Africa and Madagascar .
use
The primrose gladiolus is rarely used as an ornamental plant. Their tubers are used as food and medicine. It has been in culture since 1825 at the latest.
After removing the anthers, the flowers are eaten raw or cooked. Children suck nectar from the flowers.
Subspecies
There are three subspecies:
- Gladiolus dalenii subsp. andongensis (Baker) Goldblatt (Syn .: Gladiolus pauciflorus De Wild. , Gladiolus goetzei Harms , Gladiolus andongensis Welw. ex Baker , Gladiolus mildbraedii Vaupel ): It occurs in tropical Africa.
- Gladiolus dalenii Van Geel subsp. dalenii : It occurs in tropical and southern Africa, on Madagascar and on the southwestern Arabian Peninsula.
- Gladiolus dalenii subsp. welwitschii (Baker) Goldblatt (Syn .: Gladiolus welwitschii Baker ): It occurs only in southwestern Angola .
Individual evidence
- ^ Tropicos. [1]
- ↑ https://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Gladiolus+dalenii Entry at GRIN.
- ↑ a b c d Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Gladiolus dalenii. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved July 24, 2018.
literature
- Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Rothmaler excursion flora from Germany. Volume 5: Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants. Spectrum Academic Publishing House, Berlin Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 .
Web links
- Gladiolus dalenii . In: S. Dressler, M. Schmidt, G. Zizka (Eds.): African plants - A Photo Guide. Senckenberg, Frankfurt / Main 2014.