Ptolemy the son

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Ptolemy the son ( Greek  Πτολεμαίος Νιος ) was from 265 BC. BC to 259 BC Chr. , A king of Egypt as co-regent of King Ptolemy II. Philadelphus .

rebellion

Ptolemy "the son" was from 265 to 259 BC. The co-regent of Ptolemy II in Egypt. During this time, the Chremonideic War (267-261), in which he was the commander of the Egyptian troops on the Ionian coast , and the beginning of the Second Syrian War (260-253) fell. He took advantage of his position in Asia Minor to rise up against Ptolemy II. He found support from Miletus , where the Aetolian Timarchus had seized power, and Samos , where the latter removed the Ptolemaic general. However, the uprising seems to have collapsed quickly, because after the spring of 259 BC. "Ptolemy the son" no longer appears in the Egyptian chronology (that is, he was deposed as co-regent), a year later Antiochus II had brought Miletus and Samos under his control.

origin

In Pausanias Ptolemy "the son" is explicitly mentioned as the son of King Ptolemy II Philadelphus and his first wife Arsinoë I , but this statement is controversial among ancient historians. Because on Egyptian inscriptions , papyri and graffiti , which between the years 265 to 259 BC He is not only documented as the co-ruling son of Ptolemy II in the position of an equal king, but in some places Arsinoë II Philadelphos is added to him as mother, the second (sister) wife of Ptolemy II.

According to Werner Huss

The fact that Ptolemy “the son” was a biological child of Ptolemy II, as indicated in the surviving texts, is questioned by Ernst von Stern and Werner Huss , among others . Rather, they identify him with a person of the same name who lived in the year 277/276 BC. Is mentioned as the short-term regent of Macedonia . This Ptolemy is generally accepted in historical research as the son of Arsinoë II from her first marriage to Lysimachos , who saw the murder of his two younger brothers by his uncle Ptolemy Keraunos in 281 BC. Survived and in the turmoil of the Celtic storm was able to take the leadership of the Macedonians between Sosthenes and Alexander for a short time . After he could not assert himself in this, he went to Egypt after his mother, who was now married to Ptolemy II. Due to her high influence on the king, Arsinoë II finally obtained the adoption of her son by her brother husband in order to secure him the succession on the Egyptian throne, against the biological son of her husband, the later Ptolemy III.

Furthermore, Huss identifies "the son" with the one in 239 BC. "Ptolemy, son of Lysimachos", who received an honor from the city of Telmessos in that year. Apparently he had ruled as a dynast in this city, which according to the inscription he had received as a gift (en doreai) from Ptolemy II. He is likely to have made this donation around the year 265/4 BC. Have received since "Ptolemy, son of Lysimachus", there already in a to 257/6 BC. Dated inscription is mentioned in a prominent place.

Among the other identities of Ptolemy the son, Huss also counts Ptolemy Andromachou , who appears in a papyrus and can also be associated with the "Ephesian Ptolemy" of Athenaios , who was murdered in a mercenary revolt in Ephesus . Huss dates the murder of this Ptolemy to a period after 239 BC. After receiving the honor of Telmessus. Lysimachus, who ruled there shortly thereafter, was probably his son. A second son, Epigonus, is also assigned to him.

Arsinoë I.
 
 Ptolemy II Philadelphus
 
 Arsinoë II.
 
 Lysimachus
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ptolemy III
 
 
 
 
 
 Ptolemy the son
= Ptolemy Andromachou
= Ptolemy, son of Lysimachos
= Ptolemy of Telmessos
= Ptolemy of Ephesus
† shortly after 239 BC In Ephesus
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lysimachus of Telmessos
 
 Epigonus

After Marc Domingo Gygax

The construction by Werner Huss was rejected last by Marc Domingo Gygax, who actually recognizes an illegitimate son of Ptolemaios II in "Ptolemaios the Son" and also recognizes this from the identities of "Ptolemaios Andromachou" ("Ptolemaios of Ephesos") and "Ptolemaios , Son of Lysimachus "(" Ptolemy of Telmessos ") separates. In doing so, he relies on the full translation of an Egyptian temple stele that Huss also knew, but did not reproduce the full wording. The inscription dates to the 21st year of the reign (265/264 BC) of Ptolemy II, in which it is written: “His Majesty ordered his son / who has the name of the one who fathered him / the Ka festival of the Ba Temple ”. In this son, who bears the same name as his sire, Gygax sees "Ptolemy the son", since Ptolemy III. as the only possible alternative at this point in time could not have been old enough to commit a ritual act.

According to Gygax's thesis, Ptolemy II had at least three sons of the same name, two of whom were illegitimate. When Ptolemy II, after the death of Arsinoë II and the beginning of the Chremonic War, had found it necessary to appoint a co-regent to represent the Ptolemaic cause in the Aegean region, he had resorted to his first, albeit illegitimate, son for this post must, since the married Ptolemy III. was not yet of governable age at that time. The son's fate after his revolt in 259 BC BC considers Gygax to be open due to the lack of further fiefs that can be assigned to him. In any case, he could not have been murdered in Ephesus, since the victim there “Ptolemaios Andromachou” must have been the third son of Ptolemy II and thus a (half) brother of the son.

Arsinoë I.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ptolemy II Philadelphus
 
 Arsinoë II.
 
 Lysimachus
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ptolemy III
 
 Ptolemy the son
†?
 
 Ptolemaios Andromachou
= Ptolemaios of Ephesus
† 246–240 BC In Ephesus
 
 Ptolemy, son of Lysimachos
= Ptolemy of Telmessos
† after 239 BC Chr.
 
 

literature

  • Günther Hölbl : History of the Ptolemaic Empire. Politics, Ideology and Religious Culture from Alexander the Great to the Roman Conquest . Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1994, ISBN 3-534-10422-6 , pp. 32, 40-42, 61, 76f.
  • Aidan Dodson, Dyan Hilton: The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt . The American University in Cairo Press, London 2004, ISBN 977-424-878-3 , pp. 264-281.
  • Richard A. Billows: Kings and Colonists: Aspects of Macedonian Imperialism. Brill, Leiden / New York 1995, ISBN 90-04-10177-2 .
  • Ernst von Stern : Ptolemy "the son" ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΛΥΣΙΜΑΧΟΥ and ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΣ ΛΥΣΙΜΑΧΟΥ. In: Hermes . Volume 50, 1915, pp. 432-444.
  • Werner Huss : Ptolemy the son. In: Journal of Papyrology and Epigraphy. Volume 121, 1998, pp. 229-250.
  • Werner Huss: Egypt in the Hellenistic Period 332–30 BC Chr. (CH Beck, Munich, 2001), ISBN 3-406-47154-4 , p. 311.
  • M. Wörrle: Epigraphic research on the history of Lycia II. Ptolemy II. And Telmessos. In: Chiron. In: Vol. 8, 1978, pp. 201-246.
  • Marc Domingo Gygax: To the co-regent of Ptolemy II Philadelphos. In: Historia: magazine for ancient history. Volume 51, 2002, pp. 49-56.

Web link

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Pausanias : Helládos Periēgēsis, 1, 7, 3. So also with G. Hölbl: Geschichte des Ptolemäerreiches. P. 32.
  2. ^ W. Huss: Ptolemy the son. 1998, pp. 229-236.
  3. ↑ Porphyry of Tire : The Fragments of the Greek Historians . (FrGrHist) 260 F 3, 11; Diodor : Bibliothéke historiké. 22, 4.
  4. ↑ The Macedonian short-term regent Alexander was probably identical with Alexander (son of Lysimachus) , who would have been a half-brother of Ptolemy the son.
  5. ^ Wilhelm Dittenberger : Orientis Graeci inscriptiones selectae (OGIS). Volume 1, 1903, No. 55, pp. 88-91. Also in Prosopographia Ptolemaica , Volume 6, 1968, No. 14541 and Tituli Asiae Minoris (TAM) , Volume 2, 1944, No. 1.
  6. ^ Louis Robert : Documents de l'Asie Mineure méridionale. Inscriptions, monnaies et geographie. In: Hautes Études du monde gréco-romain. Volume 2, 1966, No. 55. Also in M. Segrè: Clara Rhodos. Studi e materiali pubblicati a cura dell 'Istituto storico-archeologico di Rodi. Vol. 9, 1938, No. 183.
  7. ^ P. Haun: Papyri Graecae Haunienses. Volume 6; first published by Tage Larsen: Papyri Graecae Haunienses I: Literary Texts and Ptolemaic Documents. Copenhagen 1942, p. 44. See also W. Huss: Ptolemaios the son. P. 235; Athenaios : 13, 593a-b.
  8. ^ Prosopographia Ptolemaica. Volume 6, 1968, No. 14532.
  9. ^ Richard A. Billows: Kings and Colonists: Aspects of Macedonian Imperialism. P. 103, note 65.
  10. ↑ AB Kamal: Stèles ptolémaïques et riomaines I. Cairo 1905, No. 22181, pp 159-168..
personal data
SURNAME Ptolemy the son
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Co-regent of King Ptolemy II in Egypt (267–259 BC)
DATE OF BIRTH 3rd century BC Chr.
DATE OF DEATH 259 BC Chr.