Purple-throated nymph

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Purple-throated nymph
Purple-throated nymph ♂

Purple-throated nymph ♂

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Tribe : Mountain gems (Lampornithini)
Genre : Mountain Jewels ( Lampornis )
Type : Purple-throated nymph
Scientific name
Lampornis calolaemus
( Salvin , 1865)

The purple- throated nymph ( Lampornis calolaemus ) is a species of bird from the hummingbird family (Trochilidae) found in Nicaragua , Costa Rica and Panama . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

Purple-throated nymph ♀

The purple-throated nymph reaches a body length of about 10 to 11.5 cm with a weight of the males of about 5.7 to 6.2 g and the females of about 4.7 to 5.1 g. The straight, medium-long beak is black. The male has a pale blue-green front skull, the rest of the top is light bronze green. The collar tab is purple, the chest glitters green to dark green. The rest of the top is light bronze green. The belly is gray, the notched tail blue-black. The female lacks the blue-green coloring of the skull and the collar patch. The underside is cinnamon-colored to red-brown. The tail is green with a blue-black subterminal band and white tips on the lateral control feathers . In both sexes, a noticeable white line behind the eyes adorns the face. In male juveniles , the top of the head, throat and chest are dull dark green. Young females have rust-colored fringes on the top of the head and face.

Behavior and nutrition

The purple- throated nymph probably gets its nectar from plants similar to the white-throated nymph ( Lampornis castaneoventris ( Gould , 1851)). In particular, the male defends his territory around flowers like the ericaceous belonging genera Satyria and Cavendishia and Gesneriad as Columnea , Besleria formosa , Drymonia conchocalyx and Campanaea humboldtii or undergrowth scrub like the crushing shrubs belonging Cephaelis elata leading to the redness plants belonging kind Palicourea lasiorrhachis and the plants of the genus Quararibea belonging to the wool tree family .

Reproduction

The breeding season of the purple-throated nymph is from October to April, so it ranges from the rainy season to the early dry season . L. c. pectoralis is more likely to breed in June. The compact, chalice-shaped nest consists of pale or brown plant waste, fine fibers, tree fern scales, twigs of fine liverwort and cobwebs. The outside is more or less heavily decorated with pieces of moss and lichen. The nest is placed 0.7 to 3.5 meters above the ground in the undergrowth in shady forests. These can often be found to the side of paths or in gaps in the forest, in the undergrowth, on small trees or on vine plants. A clutch consists of two white eggs. The incubation period is 17 to 18 days. The nestlings fledge after 22 to 23 days.

Vocalizations

Her singing is a complicated medley of high, thin and dry chattering and trilling notes. The sounds it makes include lively dssrt and light sip sounds, as well as chattering sounds during the hunt.

distribution and habitat

Distribution area of ​​the purple-throated nymph

The purple-throated nymph prefers wet subtropical forests. L. c. pectoralis occurs at altitudes between 800 and 2500 meters. In areas where it occurs it is often over 2000 meters through the gray tail nymph ( Lampornis cinereicauda ( Lawrence , 1867)) replaced. You can usually see them in tree tops and on the edges of forests. Females nest in the undergrowth. At forest edges, semi-open areas and adjacent secondary vegetation or semi-open cultivation areas, both sexes can be found in the Straten at the height of the bushes.

migration

The purple-throated nymph occasionally migrates down to altitudes between 300 and 500 meters after breeding.

Subspecies

So far, three subspecies are known:

  • Lampornis calolaemus pectoralis ( Salvin , 1891) occurs in southern Nicaragua and northern central Costa Rica. This subspecies is smaller and darkest of all subspecies on the underside. The male has a dark green glittering chest.
  • Lampornis calolaemus calolaemus ( Salvin , 1865) is common in central Costa Rica.
  • Lampornis calolaemus homogeneous Wetmore , 1967 is distributed in southern Costa Rica and western Panama. This subspecies is darker in both sexes than in the nominate form . The first throat feathers of young males are light purple to brownish, often with an extensive light base.

Etymology and history of research

The purple- throated nymph was first described in 1865 by Osbert Salvin under the scientific name of Oreopyra calolaema . The type specimen was collected by Enrique Arcé at the Irazú volcano (Syn: volcano de Cartago). It was William Swainson who introduced the new genus Lampornis in 1827 . This name is derived from the Greek words »lampás, λαμπάς « for »torch, lamp« and »ornis, όρνις « for »bird«. The species name »calolaema« is a Greek word made up of »kalos, καλος « for »beautiful« and »laimos, λαιμος « for »throat«. "Pectoralis" is the Latin word for "belonging to the breast" from "pectus, pecturis" for "breast". "Homogeneous" is derived from the Greek "homos, ὁμος " for "equal" and "genos, γενος " for "race, descendant, family".

literature

  • Josep del Hoyo , Nigel James Collar , Guy Maxwell Kirwan , Peter Boesman in: Josep del Hoyo, Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal , David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: Purple-throated Mountain-gem (Lampornis calolaemus). In: Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Osbert Salvin: Descriptions of seventeen new species of birds from Costa Rica . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for the year 1864 . No. 14 , 1865, p. 579-586 ( biodiversitylibrary.org - 1864-11-08).
  • Osbert Salvin: Descriptions of new species of Upupæ and Trochili in the collection of the British Museum . In: The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology being a continuation of the Annals combined with Loudon and Charlesworth's Magazine of Natural History (=  6 ). tape 7 , 1891, p. 374-378 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Alexander Wetmore: Further systematic notes on the avifauna of Panama . In: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington . tape 80 , 1967, p. 229-242 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • William Swainson: A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, FLS and HS, and Mr. William Bullock, jun. In: The Philosophical magazine: or Annals of chemistry, mathematics, astronomy, natural history and general science . tape 1 , no. 85 , 1827, pp. 433-442 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).

Web links

Commons : Purple-throated Nymph ( Lampornis calolaemus )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Josep del Hoyo u. a.
  2. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  3. ^ Osbert Salvin (1891), p. 377.
  4. ↑ a b Osbert Salvin (1864 (1865)), p. 584.
  5. ↑ Alexander Wetmore, p. 235.
  6. ^ William Swainson, p. 442.
  7. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 218.
  8. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 86.
  9. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 295.
  10. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 194.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Lawrence assigned the red-throated nymph ( Lampornis amethystinus ( Swainson , 1827)) to the genus.