White-throated nymph

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White-throated nymph
White-throated nymph ♂

White-throated nymph ♂

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Tribe : Lampornithini
Genre : Mountain Jewels ( Lampornis )
Type : White-throated nymph
Scientific name
Lampornis castaneoventris
( Gould , 1851)

The white-throated nymph ( Lampornis castaneoventris ) is a species of bird in the hummingbird family (Trochilidae) that is endemic to Panama . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

White-throated nymph ♀

The white-throated nymph reaches a body length of about 10 to 11.5 cm with a weight of the males of about 5.7 to 6.3 g and the females of about 4.7 to 5.5 g. The straight, medium-long beak is black. The male has a glittering, light blue-green skull. The collar tab is white with some blue and purple feathers at the bottom. The rest of the top glitters light bronze green. The chest shimmers bright green, the stomach is gray. The notched tail blue-black. The female lacks the blue-green color of the skull and the white throat mirror. The entire underside is cinnamon colored. The tail is green with a blue-black subterminal band and white lateral tips on the tail feathers . A conspicuous white line behind the eyes adorns the face of both sexes. Male juveniles are dull dark green on the top of the head, throat and chest. The young female has rust-colored fringes on the top of the head and face. The first throat feathers of the males are then white to yellow-brown, occasionally with a slight purple tint.

Behavior and nutrition

The male white-throated nymph gets its nectar preferably from the flowers of large epiphytes from the families of the heather plants , Gesneria plants and bromeliads in the middle strata down to the lower treetops. The female, on the other hand, likes to visit various bushes of the acanthus , Gesneria and Red family . Both sexes also fly to trees of the genera Clusia and Inga as well as scrub of the genus Stachytarpheta on the edges of coffee plantations and secondary vegetation . The male often defends the richest flower clusters aggressively and dominantly. Arthropods hunt them in flight, but females in particular often collect them from leaves, tree trunks, branches and occasionally from cobwebs.

Reproduction

The breeding season of the white-throated nymph is usually the rainy season, but there is also a report from February. The nest is a compact cup that is 59 mm wide and 59 mm deep and consists of light brownish plant waste, fine fibers, tree fern scales, twigs of fine liverwort and cobwebs. The outside is more or less heavily decorated with pieces of moss and lichen. The nest is placed 0.5 to 3.5 meters above the ground in shady undergrowth. Often these are to the side of paths or in gaps in the forest. A clutch consists of two white eggs that are 13.5 to 14.5 mm by 8.9 to 9.7 mm in size.

Vocalizations

Little explored their singing. Sounds it makes include short, high-pitched and rolling tssrrrt tones.

distribution and habitat

Distribution area of ​​the white-throated nymph

The white-throated nymph prefers colder mountain forests, especially with oaks. Usually it moves at altitudes between 1500 and 3000 meters. In areas where it occurs it is often less than 2000 meters through the purple-throated nymph ( Lampornis calolaemus ( Salvin , 1865)) replaced. You can usually see them in tree tops and on the edges of forests. Females nest in the undergrowth. At forest edges, semi-open areas and adjacent secondary vegetation or semi-open cultivation areas, both sexes can be found in the Straten at the height of the bushes.

migration

Little research has been done into the migration behavior of the white-throated nymph. It is believed that, like the purple-throated nymph and gray-tailed nymph, it moves to lower altitudes after the breeding season.

Subspecies

The species is considered to be monotypical . Oreopyra leucaspis Gould , 1860 was long considered a subspecies, but is now considered a synonym for the male white-throated nymph. It was Outram Bangs in 1906 who first worked out this synonymity.

  • Lampornis castaneoventris illustrated by John Gould

  • Oreopyra leucaspis illustrated by John Gould

Etymology and history of research

The white-throated nymph was first described in 1851 by John Gould under the scientific name Trochilus (-?) Castaneoventris . The type specimen was Gould as borrowing from Thomas Wilson Bellerby get and was near David collected. It was William Swainson who introduced the new genus Lampornis in 1827 . This name is derived from the Greek words »lampás, λαμπάς « for »torch, lamp« and »ornis, όρνις « for »bird«. The species name "castaneoventris" is a Latin word from "castaneus, castanea" for "chestnut brown, chestnut" and "venter, ventris" for "belly".

literature

  • Frank Garfield Stiles III , Guy Maxwell Kirwan , Peter Boesman in: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal , David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: White-throated Mountain-gem (Lampornis castaneoventris). In: Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • John Gould: On six new species of Humming-Birds . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 18 , no. 211 , 1850, pp. 162-164 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • John Gould: Description of twenty-two new species of Humming-birds . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 28 , 1860, p. 304-312 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • William Swainson: A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, FLS and HS, and Mr. William Bullock, jun. In: The Philosophical magazine: or Annals of chemistry, mathematics, astronomy, natural history and general science . tape 1 , no. 85 , 1827, pp. 433-442 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Outram Bangs: Notes on birds from Costa Rica and Chiriqui with descriptions of new forms and new records for Costa Rica . In: Proceedings of The Biological Society of Washington . tape 19 , 1906, pp. 101-112 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).

Web links

Commons : White-throated Nymph ( Lampornis castaneoventris )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Frank Garfield Stiles III u. a.
  2. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  3. ^ John Gould (1860), p. 312.
  4. ^ Outram Bangs (1906), pp. 105-107.
  5. ^ John Gould (1850), p. 163.
  6. ^ William Swainson, p. 442.
  7. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 218.
  8. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 93.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Even if the volume shows the year 1850, the article did not appear until 1851.
  2. ↑ Lawrence assigned the red-throated nymph ( Lampornis amethystinus ( Swainson , 1827)) to the genus.