Quesnelia

Quesnelia
	Upright inflorescence of Quesnelia quesneliana
Systematics
	Monocots
	Commelinids
Order :	Sweet grass (Poales)
Family :	Bromeliads (Bromeliaceae)
Subfamily :	Bromelioideae
Genre :	Quesnelia
Scientific name
	Quesnelia
	Gaudich.

The Quesnelia are a genus of plants from the subfamily Bromelioideae in the bromeliad family (Bromeliaceae). The approximately 22 species occur only in eastern Brazil .

Description and ecology

Inflorescence with blue flowers of Quesnelia seideliana

Threefold flower in detail of Quesnelia liboniana

Appearance and leaves

The Quesnelia species are perennial herbaceous plants . Specimens of the same species grow as epiphytes or terrestrially. These are funnel or cistern bromeliads. They are small to large species with a funnel diameter of 0.2 to 1 meter. The tough leaves end in a spike tip. The leaf margins are always reinforced at the edge (as with all representatives of the Bromelioideae). Suction scales can mainly be seen on the underside of the leaf, but are also found on the upper side of the leaf in the lower area below the water surface. Large amounts of water often collect in the leaf funnels. In many funnels there are small biotopes with several species of animals, algae and aquatic plants.

Inflorescences, flowers and fruits

In up to 1 meter long, upright to overhanging, mostly handsome, simple, spiked inflorescences (inflorescences) that can only last for a short time , the many flowers are arranged in a cylindrical, densely or loosely manner. As a specialty, Quesnelia lateralis forms additional, apparently lateral inflorescences (hence the specific epithet ), but they are Kindel, which develop hardly recognizable leaves and are immediately ripe. Scaly sit at the inflorescences, bright colored bracts (bracts); they are pink to bluish-red.

The mostly sessile, hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and threefold. The flowers are compressed at the sides. The three sepals are fused at most briefly at their base. The three red, purple, blue to almost black petals are exposed above the ovary. Birds are the pollinators of the blue-flowering species . The petals have two scales (ligula) at their base. There are two circles with three stamens each. The inner stamens are fused with the petals over a large part of their length. Three carpels are at a completely constant ovary grown.

Flower formula : ${\ displaystyle \ star \; K_ {3} \; C_ {3} \; A_ {3 + 3} \; G _ {\ overline {(3)}}}$

Low-juice berries are produced.

Systematics and distribution

Charles Gaudichaud-Beaupré established the genus Quesnelia in 1842 in Voyage Autour du Monde ..., Botanique , plate 54. The genus name Quesnelia honors either the French consul in French Guiana , M. Quesnel, who brought the first plant specimens to France, or François Alexandre Quesné (1742-1820). Type species is Quesnelia rufa Gaudich. Synonyms for Quesnelia Gaudich. are: Guesmelia Walp. , Lievena rule .

The distribution area of the genus Quesnelia is limited to eastern Brazil .

There are 18 (Luther 2008) to 23 (as of the end of 2014) Quesnelia types:
Upright inflorescence of Quesnelia arvensis with reddish bracts and bluish flowers Overhanging inflorescence of Quesnelia humilis Only in a few species of the Bromeliaceae family are the inflorescences formed laterally and terminally, as in Quesnelia lateralis Upright inflorescence of Quesnelia testudo with red bracts and bluish flowers Quesnelia alborosea A.F. Costa & T.Fontoura : This endemic wasfirst describedin 2012 from the Brazilian state of Bahia . It thrives epiphytically in shady locations at altitudes of 700 to 800 meters on a ridge of the Serra do Teimoso in the Mata Atlântica . Quesnelia alvimii Leme : It occurs in the Mata Atlântica only in the Brazilian state of Bahia. Quesnelia arvensis (Vellozo) Mez (Syn .: Quesnelia rufa var. Sororocabae Lindm. , Quesnelia arvensis var. Sororocabae (Lindm.) Mez ): It thrives on the coast at about sea level in the Brazilian states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo . Quesnelia augusto-coburgii Wawra : It thrives epiphytically at altitudes of up to 1000 meters in the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro. Quesnelia clavata Amorim & Leme : It was first described in 2009 from the Brazilian state of Bahia. It thrives epiphytically or terrestrially and has so far only been found in damp forests in shady locations at altitudes of 400 to 800 meters in the southern part of Bahia. Quesnelia conquistensis Leme : It was first described in 2008 from the Brazilian state of Bahia. It thrives epiphytically or terrestrially and has so far only been found in partially shaded locations in disturbed fragmented small remnants of the Mata Atlântica at altitudes of about 700 meters. Quesnelia dubia Leme : It was first described in 2005 from the Brazilian state of Bahia. Quesnelia edmundoi L.B.Sm. : The three varieties are only found in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. Quesnelia edmundoi L.B.Sm. var. edmundoi : It thrives epiphytically in forests at low altitudes. Quesnelia edmundoi var. Intermedia E. Pereira & Leme : It thrives epiphytically in forest areas. Quesnelia edmundoi var. Rubrobracteata E.Pereira Quesnelia humilis Mez (Syn .: Quesnelia hoehnei L.B.Sm. ): It thrives in rainforests at altitudes of 800 to 900 meters only in the Brazilian state of São Paulo. Quesnelia imbricata L.B.Sm. : It is said to occur in the Mata Atlântica in the Brazilian states of Parana and Santa Catarina. Quesnelia indecora Mez : It thrives epiphytically and lithophytically at altitudes of up to 2000 meters only in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. Quesnelia kautskyi C. Vieira : It was first described in 1999 from the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo. It thrives at altitudes of around 650 meters. Quesnelia koltesii Amorim & Leme : It was first described in 2009 from the Brazilian state of Bahia. It thrives epiphytically or terrestrially and has so far only been found in moist primary or remnants of secondary forests in shady locations at altitudes of 800 to 1000 meters in the southern part of Bahia. Quesnelia lateralis Wawra (Syn .: Quesnelia centralis Wawra , Quesnelia enderi (rule) Gravis & Wittm. ): It thrives terrestrially and lithophytically at altitudes of 1350 to 1900 meters in the Brazilian states of Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro. Quesnelia liboniana (De Jonghe) Mez : It thrives epiphytically at altitudes of 500 to 1000 meters in the Brazilian states of Rio de Janeiro and perhaps Bahia. Quesnelia marmorata (Lem.) RWRead (Syn .: Quesnelia effusa Lindm. ): It thrives epiphytically at altitudes around sea level in Brazil. Quesnelia morreniana (Baker) Mez : Little is known about it, it could be a hybrid . Quesnelia quesneliana (Brongniart) LBSm. (Syn .: Quesnelia rufa Gaudich. , Quesnelia roseomarginata Carrière , Quesnelia cayennensis Baker ): It thrives mainly terrestrially on the beach or in coastal shrub vegetation up to in the forest at altitudes around sea level in the Brazilian states of Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro. Quesnelia seideliana L.B.Sm. & Attractiveness : This endemic thrives epiphytically and lithophytically at altitudes of 650 to 900 meters in a narrow band in the southeastern part of the rainy Mata Atlântica only in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. Quesnelia strobilispica Wawra (Syn .: Quesnelia blanda (Schott ex Beer) Mez ): It thrives epiphytically and lithophytically or, more rarely, terrestrially at altitudes of 700 to 1300 meters in the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro. Quesnelia testudo Lindm. (Syn .: Quesnelia roseomarginata sensu E. Morren , Quesnelia skinneri hort. Ex E. Morren , Quesnelia skinneri E. Morren ex Harms ): It thrives epiphytically or mostly terrestrially at altitudes of 0 to 800 meters in the coastal shrub vegetation (Restinga) only in Brazilian state of São Paulo . Quesnelia tubifolia Leme & L. Kollmann : It was first described in 2011 from the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. This endemic thrives epiphytically on the top branches 30 to 40 meter high trees at altitudes of around 920 meters in Santa Maria do Salto, Talismã in Minas Gerais on the border with Bahia. Quesnelia violacea wall. & SLProença : It thrives epiphytically or terrestrially in the Mata Atlântica only in the Brazilian state of São Paulo.

use

Since the inflorescences do not last as long as, for example, Aechmea , these species are rarely found in private collections. But in almost all botanical gardens you can find at least one species of these relatively undemanding but decorative plants.

swell

literature

Werner Rauh : Bromeliads - Tillandsias and other bromeliads worthy of culture. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-8001-6371-3
Lyman B. Smith, Robert Jack Downs: Bromelioideae (Bromeliaceae) In: Flora Neotropica , Monograph 14, Part 3, 1979. (sections description and distribution)
Valquíria Rezende Almeida, Andrea Ferreira da Costa, André Mantovani, Vânia Gonçalves-Esteves, Rosani do Carmo de Oliveira Arruda, Rafaela Campostrini Forzza: Morphological Phylogenetics of Quesnelia (Bromeliaceae, Bromelioideae) , In: Systematic Botany , Volume 34, Issue 4, 2009 , Pp. 660-672. doi: 10.1600 / 036364409790139619

Individual evidence

↑ Jason R. Grant An Annotated Catalog of the Generic Names of the Bromeliaceae , In: The Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, 1998. (Origin of the generic names in the family of the Bromeliaceae in English)
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z In “Species Index” click on Quesnelia at Eric J. Gouda, Derek Butcher, Kees Gouda: Encyclopaedia of Bromeliads , Version 3.1 (2012). last accessed on December 24, 2014
^ Harry E. Luther: An Alphabetical List of Bromeliad Binomials , 2008 in The Marie Selby Botanical Gardens , Sarasota, Florida, USA. Published by The Bromeliad Society International .

Web links

Commons : Quesnelia - collection of images, videos and audio files

Quesnelia on the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
The genre with some pictures.
Information mainly on culture from Bromeliad culture and information from the South East Michigan Bromeliad Society .

[Grant1998-1] Jason R. Grant An Annotated Catalog of the Generic Names of the Bromeliaceae , In: The Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, 1998. (Origin of the generic names in the family of the Bromeliaceae in English)

[BromeliadEncyclopaedia-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z In “Species Index” click on Quesnelia at Eric J. Gouda, Derek Butcher, Kees Gouda: Encyclopaedia of Bromeliads , Version 3.1 (2012). last accessed on December 24, 2014

[Luther2008-3] Harry E. Luther: An Alphabetical List of Bromeliad Binomials , 2008 in The Marie Selby Botanical Gardens , Sarasota, Florida, USA. Published by The Bromeliad Society International .