Roman excavations in Saarland

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The Roman Empire also left its mark on the Saarland . This historical epoch was documented , for example, in the exhibition The Romans on the Moselle and Saar .

Roman roads

Four Roman roads of supraregional importance crossed the Saarland:

There were also numerous "cross-connections", for example from Schwarzenacker to Tholey and on to Trier.

Roman settlements

Settlements emerged particularly at road crossings and river crossings. Some such "Vici" (singular "Vicus") in Saarland were of particular importance:

At the time of the Great Migration , many of these settlements were converted into fortified forts.

Roman villas

In addition to the "vici", significant individual settlements emerged in the form of country estates or "villas" (singular "villa"). The following villas deserve special mention: They have been well researched through archaeological excavations and some have been reconstructed.

The mosaic in Nennig

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Nennig is a district of Perl and is best known for its Roman villa. The building, which dates from the 2nd century AD, was discovered during earthworks in 1852 . The remains of a large villa were excavated. A 10 × 16 meter mosaic floor is almost intact. They are the best preserved Roman mosaics north of the Alps. Fights between people and animals with background music - as they actually took place in the arenas - are shown connected in ornaments. The splendid residential building, with its 120-meter-wide facade facing the Moselle, a separate bathroom with an area of ​​almost 500 square meters, and a 256-meter-long, covered walkway between the residential and bathing buildings seemed to allow an interpretation as a luxury villa.

The fact that the manorial estate (“villa”) not only included the manorial residence (“pars domestica”) but also a manor with economic buildings (“pars rustica”) only became apparent when a new building area was opened up towards the Moselle in 1997. The locations of three buildings on both sides of a huge courtyard area could be determined. One was completely excavated by 2001 with the help of the Pre- and Protohistory Department of Saarland University. 49 ° 31 '44.4 "  N , 6 ° 23' 4.9"  E

European culture park Bliesbruck-Reinheim

The Franco-German excavation site in Reinheim and Bliesbruck is of particular importance . Here an important Celtic tomb, a Roman villa and a Gallo-Roman settlement, all of which are only a few hundred meters apart, are combined to form the European cultural park .

Copper tunnel of Emilianus

The Emilianus tunnel in St. Barbara (Wallerfangen) has been preserved intact. It has been open to the public since 1967. The Saarland Mining Museum in Bexbach also provides information about the history of the tunnel .

Gravesites

The grave mound of Oberlöstern are two monumental tombs dating from Roman times near the Waderner hamlet Oberlöstern. The two burial mounds, which presumably date from the 2nd century AD, were apparently laid out on an existing Roman cemetery with urn graves and ash pits, to which a settlement about 400 meters further northeast belonged. This was in today's corridor "honey sack".

Places of worship - sanctuaries

In addition to the "Vici" and "Villas", there are also several places of worship and sanctuaries in the Saarland that were consecrated to the Mithras cult or the gods Merkur and Rosmerta.

literature

See also

Web links

Commons : Pictures from the museum in Schwarzenacker  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files