St. Barbara (Wallerfangen)

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St. Barbara
Wallerfangen municipality
Coat of arms of the former parish of St. Barbara
Coordinates: 49 ° 19 ′ 54 ″  N , 6 ° 40 ′ 55 ″  E
Area : 1.68 km²
Residents : 819  (Dec. 31, 2008)
Population density : 488 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : 1st January 1974
Postal code : 66798
Area code : 06831
St. Barbara (Saarland)
St. Barbara

Location of St. Barbara in Saarland
Filial church of St. Salvator
Filial church of St. Salvator

St. Barbara is a district of the municipality of Wallerfangen in the Saarlouis district ( Saarland ). Until the end of 1973, Sankt Barbara (official municipality name) was an independent municipality. St. Barbara is known for the cultivation of strawberries.

geography

Catfish catching; Geographical relief of the Saar valley and the Limberg heights in the Wallerfangens district: The mountain spur that extends far to the right in the model is the Limberg. The mountain spur in front of it is the Hansenberg, on which St. Barbara lies. In between is the Sonnental (Historical Museum Wallerfangen).

The place St. Barbara lies in the Saargau . From here you have an excellent view of the Saar valley with Saarlouis and Dillingen / Saar . The geological subsoil is the Middle Buntsandstein , in which the valleys of the Saar and the Prims (on the opposite side of the Saar from Wallerfangen) have dug themselves. The left valley flank of the Saar near Wallerfangen and Dillingen, the Limberg, is formed by a steep Voltzien sandstone step , while a right valley flank is completely missing. The red sandstone is the oldest rock of the Triassic and the outermost edge of the Paris basin. The petrographic quality of the red sandstone is medium-firm to sandy, which ensures free circulation of the groundwater. The red sandstone is therefore an important groundwater carrier, which like a giant sponge has high storage capacities for water. It is reddish in color and free of fossils. This suggests that it was formed under continental conditions as a deposit in shallow river valleys or embankment in shallow inland lakes. The climatic conditions when it was created approx. 220 million years ago are comparable to today's dry, subtropical climate.

The predominantly crumbly, easily erodible red sandstone weathered to form nutrient-poor, light sandy soils that are not very favorable for agricultural use and have remained largely forested in history. In contrast to the forest stands on the alkaline soils of the shell limestone in the Saargau, the soils of the red sandstone are more acidic . A mixed oak forest with beeches is characteristic of the lower forest areas , with the beech gaining the upper hand as the altitude increases.

Above the middle red sandstone lies the upper red sandstone ( red formation ), which is made up of firmer sandstones that are partly clay or carbonate . In earlier times these were extracted as building material in numerous stone quarries. Above this there are layers of shell limestone : The lowest shell limestone layer is formed by sandy-clayey-calcareous rocks. The middle shell limestone layer contains marl with gypsum and anhydrite . The upper shell limestone layer is made up of massive limestone and platy limestone with layers of marl.

The Saargau is a shell limestone plateau, which does not represent a layer surface . The plateau in the Saargau reaches a maximum height of 400 to 420 m. The Muschelkalk plateau is presumably a leveling surface from the Oligocene (beginning about 33.9 million years ago; end about 23.03 million years ago) to the Pliocene (beginning about 5.333 million years ago; end about 2.588 million years ago), which was caused by river erosion in an alternating humid tropical climate was created. The inconsistent elevation of the area in the Pliocene and Quaternary (beginning around 2.6 million years ago and lasting until today) led to the area being divided up and individual layers of layers being prepared: quartzite in the east and shell limestone, red sandstone to Keuper in the west. The plateau is gently undulating. The full forms are broad and reach heights of 350 to 370 m. In between there are only gently cut valleys. The forest only appears as an island on the plateau. Typical vegetation is the real semi-arid grass in the apron of the forest and on slopes. The plant communities there have sub-Mediterranean elements. The limestone forms heavy, loamy soils through weathering. They are difficult to work in both dry and wet conditions. The soil is so permeable to precipitation that only a few superficial drainage channels form. Since the land value number reaches values ​​of 60 to 70, humans have already been populating the plateau with a field-grass alternation since the Neolithic and expanding the agricultural area to the detriment of the forest. At the end of postglacial dry periods, the shell limestone area was populated with plants from the Pontic flora and interspersed with forest. In terms of human settlement, the Saargau, together with the Bliesgau, is the oldest inhabited area in the Saarland. Since the Gallo-Roman times it has been developed through the important transport connection from Metz to Trier . During the time of the Franconian conquest , several places were founded here.

While viticulture , especially red wine , was still limited to the valleys around 1820, it spread to the plateau around 1835. As a result of the migration of cheap labor into industry in the Saar Valley, a downward trend began around 1850. Accelerated by the phylloxera crisis around 1880 (in the Saar-Moselle area only increased at the beginning of the 20th century), viticulture in the Saar valley and on the Gau plateaus was given up. Towards the end of the 19th century, the Wingerte in the Wallerfang district of St. Barbara were converted into Bungerten and from 1911 onwards, these were replaced by strawberry cultures . Here the steep cultivation slope facing south receives a lot of sunlight.

history

Roman Emilianus tunnel, upper tunnel

There are settlement finds from the Younger Stone Age , the Middle Bronze Age and the Hallstatt Age . The Roman copper tunnel of Emilianus has been preserved intact. Copper ore was mined until the 19th century and processed in the Dillinger Hütte . The Emilianus tunnel has been open to the public since archaeological excavations between 1964 and 1967. As of 1992, more areas were of the tunnel system in a 9 m deeper sole exposed by the German Mining Museum and a galvanized steel support secured. A castle Altenfelsberg , mentioned for the first time in 1170, was at the top of the place, it was the predecessor of the castle Neu-Felsberg, known as " Teufelsburg ".

As part of the regional and administrative reform of the Saarland in 1974, the previously independent community "Sankt Barbara" was assigned to the community of Wallerfangen . Since then, St. Barbara has been a district and a municipality.

St. Salvator Church

Wallerfangen-St. Barbara, church tower of St. Salvator

The Catholic Church of St. Salvator was built under the aegis of the Wallerfang pastor Josef Hoff according to the plans of the Saarlouis architect Alois Havener and the Saarbrücken architect Rudolf Güthler with financial support from the Diocese of Trier and the government of the Saarland under Prime Minister Johannes Hoffmann (planning: 1949, Laying of the foundation stone: September 17, 1950, inauguration: August 1, 1954). The Latin inscription on the foundation stone reads: "SALVATOR SALVA NOS ANNO SANCTO 1950" (German translation: Savior, heal us. In the holy year 1950). The church of St. Barbara is designed as a five-axis hall (21.7 × 10.7 m) with neo-Romanesque elements of abstraction historicism. If you compare the church in St. Barbara and the church of St. Josef and St. Wendelin in Diefflen , also designed by Havener and Güthler almost at the same time, the parallelism of both buildings becomes clearly visible. In particular, the design of the wide, embossed rectangular tower with round arched acoustic arcades and a gently sloping tower roof is very similar in both buildings. The wheel window, which was fitted into the gable facade of the nave in Diefflen, is located above the church entrance in the tower facade of the smaller church in St. Barbara. Both churches have arched windows and flat interior ceilings, with the outer walls of the two sacred buildings being plastered in Munich rough plaster. While the ceiling of the nave in St. Barbara was designed as a stepped coffered ceiling with Eiweiler Novopan panels , the choir area is barrel vaulted.

In 1954, the Saarlouiser bell foundry in Saarlouis-Fraulautern, which was founded by Karl (III) Otto from the Otto bell foundry in Bremen-Hemelingen and Alois Riewer from Saarland in 1953, cast a bronze bell for the Salvator Church, strike tone: c ″, Diameter: 770 mm, weight: 308 kg.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Heinz Quasten: Naturräumlicher Abriß (sic), in: Fred Oberhauser: Das Saarland, art, culture and history in the triangle between Blies, Saar and Mosel (Dumont art travel guide), Cologne 1992, pp. 340–353, here p. 346 .
  2. ↑ Heinz Quasten: Naturräumlicher Abriß (sic), in: Fred Oberhauser: Das Saarland, art, culture and history in the triangle between Blies, Saar and Mosel (Dumont art travel guide), Cologne 1992, pp. 340–353, here p. 345 .
  3. ↑ Heinz Quasten: Naturräumlicher Abriß (sic), in: Fred Oberhauser: Das Saarland, art, culture and history in the triangle between Blies, Saar and Mosel (Dumont art travel guide), Cologne 1992, pp. 340–353, here p. 346 -347.
  4. ↑ Martin Born: Geographische Landeskunde des Saarland, Saarbrücken 1980, pp. 79–89.
  5. ↑ Herbert Liedtke, Karl-Heinz-Hepp, Christoph Jentsch: The Saarland in map and aerial photo, A contribution to regional studies, ed. from the Landesvermessungsamt des Saarlandes, Neumünster 1974, pp. 70–71
  6. ↑ http://wallerfangen.slc-technik.de/startseite/chronik/ , accessed on December 29, 2016.
  7. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 808 .
  8. ↑ http://www.kunstlexikonsaar.de/personen-az/artikel/-/havener-alois/ , accessed on May 10, 2015.
  9. ↑ Festschrift on the occasion of the consecration of the Salvator Church in Ste. Barbe bei Wallerfangen, ed. by Josef Hoff, Saarlouis 1954.
  10. ↑ Hans Peter Buchleitner: Cultural Reconstruction in the Saarland, 1945–1955, A text and picture work, Volume I, Reconstruction, new and extension of churches, chapels, monasteries, parish and youth homes, community houses etc. in the state capital as in the districts of Saarlouis and Merzig-Wadern, Saarbrücken 1955, pp. 56–57.
  11. ↑ Kristine Marschall: Sacral buildings of classicism and historicism in Saarland, (publications by the Institute for Regional Studies in Saarland, vol. 40), Saarbrücken 2002, p. 342 and 580.
  12. ↑ Kristine Laue: Intersections in architecture, sacred buildings between historicism and modernism on the Saar, in: From Altdorfer to Serra, student festival publication for Lorenz Dittmann, St. Ingbert 1993, p. 136.
  13. ^ The Catholic Saarland, Heimat und Kirche, ed .: L. Sudbrack and A. Jakob, Volume II / III, Saarbrücken 1954, pp. 26f.
  14. ^ Johann Klein: Dörfer auf dem Muschelkalk, Wiebelskirchen 1970, p. 244.
  15. ^ Gerhard Reinhold: Otto bells. Family and company history of the Otto bell foundry dynasty . Self-published, Essen 2019, ISBN 978-3-00-063109-2 , p. 588, in particular pages 89-95, 568 .
  16. ↑ Gerhard Reinhold: Church bells - Christian world cultural heritage, illustrated using the example of the bell founder Otto, Hemelingen / Bremen . Nijmegen / NL 2019, p. 556, in particular pp. 105–112, 518 , urn : nbn: nl: ui: 22-2066 / 204770 (dissertation at Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen).

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