Frame narration
A frame narration or storyline is a literary technique in which a frame surrounds the internal narrative .
definition
Andreas Jäggi defined the framework narrative as follows:
“Frame narration is a special form of multi-layered narration. In its simple form it appears as an epic text with a characteristic two-tier structure that dominates the structure of the narrative . This is such that the first level of text (the frame) surrounds or precedes the second (the internal narration ) and constitutes an oral narrative situation in which one or more narrators who are not identical to the frame narrator, one or more listeners, one or more past Freely tell what happened. "
Examples
World literature
The most famous frame narratives include:
- “ Arabian Nights ”: The protagonist Scheherazade begins to tell the king stories in order to delay an execution; at the end of the night it has reached such an exciting point that the king desperately wants to hear the continuation and postpones the execution. It goes on the following night. The long overdue execution no longer takes place.
- “ Decamerone ” (probably made 1349–1353) by Giovanni Boccaccio : In 1348 an epidemic breaks out in the city of Florence. Boccaccio invents the following framework story: seven girls and three young men want to save themselves from the plague and find shelter in a remote country house. To pass the time, the refugees try to chat whenever possible. Therefore they tell each other novellas for ten days. After ten days and ten times ten novels, the group returns safely to Florence.
Both works present the act of storytelling as a healing act.
- “ The Handwriting of Saragossa ” (created 1797–1815) is a box-frame narrative that is divided into up to six narrative levels.
German-language literature
The frame story (frame story) was very popular in 19th century German literature. Are known u. a .:
- Goethe's conversations with German emigrants (1795)
- Clemens Brentano : Story of the good Kasperl and the beautiful Annerl (1817)
- Wilhelm Hauff : The tavern in the Spessart (1828)
- Franz Grillparzer : The monastery near Sendomir (1828) and The poor minstrel (1847)
- Jeremias Gotthelf : The Black Spider (1842)
- Ferdinand von Saar : Innocens (1865),
- Gottfried Keller : Zurich Novellas (1876–1877), The epitome (1880–1881)
- Conrad Ferdinand Meyer : The Saint (1879) and The Wedding of the Monk (1883/84)
- Theodor Storm : The Schimmelreiter (1888)
- ETA Hoffmann : The Miss von Scuderi
- Adalbert Stifter : Limestone
- Stefan Zweig : The gunman
- Siegfried Lenz : German Lesson (1968)
Movie
Many films also use a framework story:
- Company petticoat (1959)
- Cinema Paradiso (1988)
- Forrest Gump (1994)
- Slumdog Millionaire (2008)
- Astrid (2018)
literature
- Andreas Jäggi: The frame story in the 19th century. Investigations into the technology and function of a special form of the fictitious statement of reality. Bern 1994, ISBN 978-3906751894 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Andreas Jäggi: The frame story in the 19th century. Investigations into the technology and function of a special form of the fictitious statement of reality. Bern 1994, ISBN 978-3906751894 .
- ^ Decameron di Giovanni Boccaccio. (PDF) Biblioteca Della Letteratura Italiana, accessed on December 4, 2019 (Italian).