Ramat Rachel
| Ramat Rachel | |||
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| Basic data | |||
| hebrew : | רמת רחל | ||
| arabic : | رامات راجل | ||
| State : |
 Israel
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| District : | Jerusalem | ||
| Founded : | 1926 | ||
| Coordinates : | 31 ° 44 ' N , 35 ° 13' E | ||
| Height : | 803 m | ||
| Residents : | 545 (as of 2018) | ||
| Community code : | 0127 | ||
| Time zone : | UTC + 2 | ||
| Community type: | Kibbutz | ||
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Ramat Rachel ( Hebrew רָמַת רָחֵל Ramat Rachel , German 'Hill Rachel' , emphasis on the second syllable) is a kibbutz in Israel on the southern outskirts of Jerusalem with a view of Bethlehem and has 545 inhabitants (stand 545). Ramat Rachel is part of the Mateh Jehuda regional government . As a kibbutz in the border area, it was destroyed three times from 1929 to 1967. In the 1948 war he changed hands six times, and in the 1967 Six Day War he was the target of intense artillery fire from the Jordanian side.
The main employer is the local hotel, but there is also an archaeological park. Remains of a large palace and water supply systems have been excavated. Possibly they can be dated to the time of early kingship in Israel. The place shows traces of settlement from Neo-Babylonian , Persian , Hasmonean and Roman times.
Kibbutz
The kibbutz was founded in 1926 by immigrants from Lithuania and Russia who belonged to the Gdud ha-Avoda , a socialist-Zionist group that split into different factions in 1926 for ideological reasons. The Keren Hajessod helped set up the kibbutz : Ramat Rachel was built on land that belonged to the Jewish National Fund . The name, in English Rachel Hill , refers to the nearby Rachel's grave . The kibbutz was destroyed during the Arab uprising in 1929. It was rebuilt in the 1930s, but was destroyed again in the Israeli War of Independence in 1948, although from then on it belonged to the state of Israel. When the Israel Exploration Society held its 12th annual meeting in Jerusalem in 1956 and also took a trip to the excavations at Ramat Rachel, Jordanian soldiers opened fire, killing four people, including Jacob Pinkerfeld , an architect who was a member of the excavations at Bet Alpha and Etzion donors and expert on synagogues. With the expansion of Jerusalem to the south, Ramat Rachel is now an enclave in the city area.
archeology
Benjamin Mazar and Moshe Stekelis led the first scientific excavation on site in 1930/31. This was preceded by the discovery of a Jewish grave cave from the time of the Second Temple . The excavation also brought to light finds from the Roman, Persian and Iron II periods. Below that was a first lmlk stamp. The survey on Tell also revealed a proto-ionic capital . In 1954, the Department of Antiquities and the Israel Exploration Society , led by Yohanan Aharoni, carried out another dig, which was followed by more until 1962. The remains of a Byzantine monastery have been excavated on the northeast corner of the tell. This was not built before the fifth century and, according to Aharoni, can be identified with the Kathisma church, which is mentioned in ancient pilgrimage reports. At this point the resting of Mary and Joseph, the parents of Jesus, on their flight to Egypt was commemorated. In the Arabic name of a nearby well, Bir Qadismu , the Greek Kathisma is still preserved. The stratum lying in front of the Byzantine layer has been largely destroyed and extends from the Persian to the early Roman period. The oldest layer dates from the Iron II period, to which the foundation of a palatial building goes back. Aharoni tentatively identified Ramat Rachel with the biblical place Bet ha-Kerem (Jer 6: 1). The name Ramat Rachel (Eng. Rachel's Hill ) was given to the place by the kibbutz - because of its proximity to Rachel's grave near Bethlehem according to the Bible (Genesis 35:19). The ancient remains are called Khirbet es-Sallah in Arabic , but this also seems to go back to modern times. The Arabic name Tell Abu Hureira has been handed down from the 19th century. Yiga'el Yadin, who never dug on the spot himself, suggested a dating of the "palace" excavated by Aharoni to the time of Queen Atalja and identified it with the "house of Baal" (2 Kings 11:18).
The numerous significant finds that came to light during the excavations include the LMLK seal impressions on broken pitcher handles, which often contain a word or two of previously unexplained meaning. Gabriel Barkay, another excavator who investigated Ramat Rachel in 1984, suggested that the ancient name of the place could have been MMST - one of the four unexplained words. Barkay's thesis is supported by a pottery shard found by Aharoni, which possibly contains a drawn representation of Hezekiah , who was king at the time those jugs were made. However, more handles labeled HBRN ( Hebron ) or SJF ( Siph ) were found in Ramat Rachel than with MMST.
Another excavation campaign began in 2004 under the direction of Oded Lipschits and Manfred Oeming . According to Lipschits, Ramat Rachel could be the "hostel of Kimham" known from Jer 41:17.
literature
- Yohanan Aharoni: Excavations at Ramath Raḥel, 1954: Preliminary Report. In: Israel Exploration Journal , 6 1956, pp. 102-111, 137-157; Plates 9-14.21-27.
- Yohanan Aharoni: Ramat Rahel. In: New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land , 4, Jerusalem 1993, pp. 1261-1267.
- Oded Lipschits, Manfred Oeming, Yuval Gadot, Benjamin Arubas: The 2006 and 2007 Excavation Seasons at Ramat Rahel: Preliminary Report. In: IEJ 59 (2009), pp. 1–20, tau.ac.il (PDF)
Web links
- Oeming, Manfred: Ramat Rahel . In: Michaela Bauks, Klaus Koenen, Stefan Alkier (Eds.): The Scientific Biblical Lexicon on the Internet (WiBiLex), Stuttgart 2006 ff.
- Report on the 2005 excavation campaign in Chadaschot Archeologijot , 118, 2006 ( English and Hebrew )
- Dig shows Ramat Rahel was royal Judean site . In: The Jerusalem Post , August 21, 2006 21:29 | Updated Aug. 22, 2006 3:57 PM
- Ramat Rachel on a website dedicated to researching the LMLK stamp
- Ramat Rachel Revisited: An Interview with Oded Lipschits . (PDF) In: Damqātum , 1 2006, pp. 1-4 (English); spanish (PDF; 530 kB)
Individual evidence
- ↑ אוכלוסייה ביישובים 2018 (population of the settlements 2018). (XLSX; 0.13 MB) Israel Central Bureau of Statistics , August 25, 2019, accessed May 11, 2020 .
- ↑ Gabriel Barkay: Royal Palace, Royal Portrait? In: Biblical Archeology Review 32 (2006), 34-44.
- ↑ GM Grena: LMLK - A Mystery Belonging to the King. Vol. 1. Redondo Beach CA 2004, ISBN 0-9748786-0-X .
- ^ Fit for a king . ( Memento of the original from July 6, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: The Jerusalem Post , September 21, 2006 7:10 pm | Updated Sep. 22, 2006 14:47
