Raniżów

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Raniżów
Coat of arms of Gmina Raniżów
Raniżów (Poland)
Raniżów
Raniżów
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Subcarpathian
Powiat : Kolbuszowski
Gmina : Raniżów
Geographic location : 50 ° 16 ′  N , 21 ° 58 ′  E Coordinates: 50 ° 15 ′ 31 ″  N , 21 ° 58 ′ 15 ″  E
Residents : 2200 (2006)
Postal code : 36-130
Telephone code : (+48) 17
License plate : RKL



Raniżów ( German Ranischau ) is a village in the powiat Kolbuszowski of the Subcarpathian Voivodeship in Poland . It is the seat of the rural community of the same name with about 7100 inhabitants.

geography

The place is located on the river Zyzoga or Łęg in the Sandomir Primeval Forest of the Sandomir Basin , halfway between the city of Kolbuszowa , 15 km in the west and Sokołów Małopolski in the east. The neighboring towns are Dzikowiec , Lipnica and Wola Raniżowska in the north, Staniszewskie in the east, Przewrotne and Pogwizdów Stary in the south, and Werynia, Kłapówka and Widełka in the southwest.

history

Raniżów is the oldest place in the area and was first mentioned in documents in 1366 in the founding privilege of the village Doblowa or today's Wola Raniżowska ( locandi villam in silva nostra dicta Doblowa circa Ramizow, iure Theutonico Maideburgensi ).

When Poland was first partitioned , Raniżów became part of the new Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria of the Habsburg Empire in 1772 (from 1804).

A house of the Josephine colonists in Raniżów, unusual for the area in the late 18th century with a chimney
Raniżów on the Franziszeische Landaufnahme around the middle of the 19th century

In 1783, as part of the Josephine colonization, 42-48 German families (235 people), mostly Lutheran and Reformed (2 families) denominations, settled on 348 hectares on the grounds of the village of Raniżów. Similar Polish settlers were also settled in the area (e.g. 16 families in Staniszewskie, 12 in Lipnica, 7 in Wola Raniżowska) and German Catholics in the west in Wildenthal . The colony was initially called Meinhof , but the name did not establish itself and was never used again a few years after it was founded. By virtue of the patent of tolerance , a Lutheran congregation was founded in Ranischau , which belonged to the Evangelical Superintendentur AB Galizien . It comprised the Rzeszower district and had a branch municipality in Steinau . In 1812 the colony had 248 people. In 1875 there were 214 Protestants and a German Protestant school in Ranischau, which was active until 1942. The pastor was Paul (Paweł) Cholewa from Ustroń in Cieszyn Silesia .

In 1900 the municipality of Raniżów in the Kolbuszowa district had 286 houses with 1647 inhabitants, of which 1638 were Polish-speaking, 7 German-speaking, 2 Ruthenian-speaking, 1340 Roman Catholic, 2 Greek Catholic, there were 298 Jews and 7 other faiths. The community Ranischau had 63 houses with 387 inhabitants, of which 200 were German-speaking, 187 Polish-speaking, 134 Roman Catholic, 69 Jews, 184 of other faiths (predominantly Protestant).

In 1918, after the end of the First World War and the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, both communities came to Poland.

In 1921 the municipality of Raniżów had 299 houses with 1,562 inhabitants, all of whom were Poles, 1,273 Roman Catholics, 11 Protestants, there were 278 Jews. The Ranischau community had 64 houses with 369 inhabitants, of which 312 were Poles, 57 Germans, 261 Roman Catholics, 60 Lutherans, 48 ​​Jews (religion only).

Ranischau and the Lutheran Church in World War II

Before the World War, the pastor Alfons Schmallenberg strove to revive Germanism in Raniżów. The occupiers intensified their efforts after the outbreak of the World War, during which time Raniżów belonged to the General Government. In December 1939 the district chief Heinz Ehaus ceremoniously presented German identity cards to the local ethnic Germans . Schmallenberg became mayor of Sędziszów . New colonies for new settlers were planned, but Hans Frank postponed the plans for re- Germanization until autumn 1941. Finally, the Germans were transferred to the Ranischau estate administration (also Dzikowiec, Nowy Dzikowiec, Lipnica, Wola Radziszowska) in 1942 in the vicinity of Mielec (in Wola Pławska or Weizenbring ) was completely relocated. In 1940 the Jews were resettled in the ghettos in Sokołów Małopolski and later in Rzeszów .

Catholic Church

From 1975 to 1998 Raniżów was part of the Rzeszów Voivodeship .

The Protestant church (consecrated in 1834) was demolished around 1970. Apart from the houses, some traces of the German colonists remained. B. German- born field names such as Cylakier or Gmonstyk .

local community

The rural community (gmina wiejska) Raniżów includes eight villages with school boards.

literature

Web links

Commons : Raniżów  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. a b History of Raniżów (Polish)
  2. Henryk Lepucki: Działalność kolonizacyjna Marii Teresy i Józefa II w Galicji 1772-1790: z 9 tablicami i MAPA . Kasa im. J. Mianowskiego, Lwów 1938, p. 163-165 (Polish, online ).
  3. M. Piórek, 1987, pp. 51, 53
  4. a b Schematism of the Evangelical Church in Augsb. and Helvet. Confession in the kingdoms and countries represented in the Austrian Imperial Council . Vienna 1875, p. 195-197 ( online ).
  5. a b Tomasz J. Filozof: Kolonizacja józefińska . In: Skarby Podkarpackie . Vol. 2, No. 33 , 2012, ISSN  1898-6579 , p. 38–40 ( skarbypodkarpackie.pl [PDF; accessed June 6, 2016]).
  6. Ludwig Patryn (Ed.): Community encyclopedia of the kingdoms and countries represented in the Reichsrat, edited on the basis of the results of the census of December 31, 1900, XII. Galicia . Vienna 1907.
  7. Główny Urząd Statystyczny: Skorowidz miejscowości Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Tom XIII. Województwo lwowskie . Warszawa 1924 (Polish, online [PDF]).
  8. M. Piórek, 1987, pp. 60, 61
  9. M. Piórek, 1987, p. 55