Red Garland

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Red Garland

Red Garland (born May 13, 1923 in Dallas as William M. Garland , † April 23, 1984 ibid) was an American jazz pianist .

Live and act

Garland learned the clarinet as a child; in high school (which he failed to graduate) he played alto saxophone . He left school to do his military service in World War II. There he learned the piano in Fort Huachuca . When he left the army in 1944, he worked in the band of Buster Smith , then to go on tour with Hot Lips Page . In 1946 he stayed in New York, where he performed in clubs and turned to modern jazz . He played with Billy Eckstine , Coleman Hawkins , Fats Navarro , Lester Young and Eddie Vinson . In 1953 he appeared with Charlie Parker in Storyville ( Charlie Parker at Storyville ). Between 1955 and 1958 he was the pianist of the legendary first "classical" Miles Davis quintet / sextet. As a colleague of John Coltrane , Cannonball Adderley , Paul Chambers and Philly Joe Jones , however, he never achieved fame. Garland was a pianist in the bop tradition of Bud Powell , but often enriched his playing with a particularly distinctive use of block chords .

The chords are struck with the left hand in the middle register to the rhythm of the melody, the melody is performed in octaves that contain the fifth between the outer voices.

\ relative c '{<cg' c> <da 'd> <eb' e> 2}

(This example with a C7 chord would have the "wrong" note h.)

In addition to the albums of the Davis group mentioned (such as Relaxin 'with the Miles Davis Quintet ), he recorded with John Coltrane ( Soultrane ). With the Davis rhythm section and John Coltrane, he worked on the 1956 album Tenor Madness by Sonny Rollins . Under his own name, recordings that were made at Prestige Records until 1962 were published, which were recorded in the studios of Rudy Van Gelder. In 1965 he returned to Dallas to look after his mother. In the following years he only played occasionally.

Not until 1971 did he take up albums again under his own name; for MPS he recorded with Jimmy Heath and with Sam Jones ( goodbye ). In 1974 he then performed at Keystone Korner in San Francisco ; Bassist James Leary and drummer Eddie Marshall played in his trio . In 1977 he worked with Leroy Vinnegar and Philly Joe Jones and appeared again in Keystone Korner; in December he made recordings for Galaxy Records with Nat Adderley , Harold Land and Ira Sullivan . In 1978 he worked in a quartet with Leo Wright , then performed with Sadao Watanabe , Richard Davis and Roy Haynes in Tokyo. In 1979 he had a trio with Ron Carter and Ben Riley , which was expanded to include Julian Priester , George Coleman and Kenny Burrell for recordings . In 1980 he had a joint quartet with Lou Donaldson , in 1982 the last studio recordings were made with Jamil Nasser and Frank Gant ( Misty ); in February 1983 he appeared one last time - again with James Leary and Eddie Marshall - at the Keystone Korner .

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personal data
SURNAME Garland, Red
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Garland, William M. (real name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American jazz pianist
DATE OF BIRTH May 13, 1923
PLACE OF BIRTH Dallas
DATE OF DEATH April 23, 1984
Place of death Dallas