Reinhard Dallinger

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Reinhard Dallinger

Reinhard Dallinger (born April 2, 1950 in Leifers , South Tyrol ) is an Austrian zoologist and professor i. R. for zoology and ecotoxicology at the University of Innsbruck . He is known for his work on the biochemistry and physiology of the metabolism of trace elements in invertebrates as well as the environmental toxicology of metals in terrestrial and aquatic habitats.

Life

Reinhard Dallinger studied zoology and microbiology at the University of Innsbruck, where he received his doctorate in zoology at the Faculty of Natural Sciences in 1978. From 1978 to 1981 Dallinger worked as a freelance project manager in waste management, dealing with the biological aspects of composting processes. From 1981 to 1989 he worked as a project assistant at the Institute for Zoology at the University of Innsbruck. In 1989 he completed his habilitation on the subject of heavy metals in invertebrates: Physiological-biochemical aspects and ecological implications . As a result, Dallinger worked as an associate professor at the Institute for Zoology. Since 1997 he has headed the working group "Ecotoxicology and Molecular Physiology". In 2011 he was appointed professor for ecotoxicology at the University of Innsbruck. He has been retired since October 2017.

Act

Dallinger contributed to the elucidation of biochemical and cell physiological mechanisms that are responsible for the accumulation of metallic trace elements in invertebrates and fish. By including ecological aspects in the investigations, this work has contributed to the understanding of the role of invertebrates for the transfer of trace elements in terrestrial and aquatic habitats and to the use of some of these species as bio-indicators in metal-contaminated habitats.

Another focus of Dallinger's environmental toxicological research are microevolutive phenomena of the adaptation of species and populations to pollutants (metals, pesticides ) with the simultaneous influence of anthropogenic stress factors. Among other things, it was shown that the globally widespread apple pest Cydia pomonella ( codling moth ), under the selective pressure of pesticide use in the Alpine region, has split into small-scale, extremely adaptable populations that are able to successfully defy chemical and biological control measures . Similarly, populations of aquatic have sludge tube worm ( Tubifex tubifex ) in European split flow systems under the pressure of environmental pollution in populations and cryptic species with different metal resistance.

A biochemical-molecular focus of Dallinger's work focuses on the detoxification and regulation of metallic trace elements by metal-binding proteins from the family of metallothioneins . For the first time, Dallinger was able to show that in certain groups of invertebrates , such as land lung snails , metal-selective metallothionein isoforms have evolved, which are responsible for the metabolism of different metal ions . For example, B. the Roman snail a copper-specific isoform for copper homeostasis and a cadmium-specific isoform, which detoxifies this metal through selective binding. The genes of these isoforms are upregulated by metal exposure or other stressors and are considered examples of the adaptive diversification of this gene family to fulfill trace element-specific tasks.

Many of Dallinger's works are characterized by a comparative interdisciplinary perspective and an integrative approach in which issues are dealt with across several biological organizational levels.

Awards

  • 1987 Eduard Wallnöfer Prize of Tyrolean Industry
  • 1992 Science Prize of the City of Innsbruck

Participation in expeditions

1988 expedition to Lake Tanganyika in cooperation with Christian Sturmbauer (Institute for Zoology, University of Graz ). Work on behavioral biology and nutritional physiology of Tanganyika - cichlids .

Guest stays at foreign universities

Visiting professorships

2004-05 and 2005-06 visiting professor for animal physiology at the Institute for Zoology, University of Vienna

Editorials

Since 2007 Associate Editor of the Journal of Experimental Zoology - A (JEZ-A) (Wiley)

Membership in scientific associations

  • 2001–2006: Board member of the European Society for Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology (ESCPB)
  • Since 2007: Board member of the New European Society for Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology (new ESCPB); 2011–2012: President

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ R. Dallinger, W. Wieser: Molecular fractionation of Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb in the midgut gland of Helix pomatia L. In: Comp Biochem Physiol C . 79C, 1984, pp. 125-129.
  2. ^ F. Prosi, R. Dallinger: Hevy metals in the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber Latreille. I. Histochemical and ultrastructural characterization of metal-containing lysosomes. In: Cell Biol. Toxicol. 4, 1984, pp. 81-96.
  3. ^ R. Dallinger, F. Prosi: Heavy metals in the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber Latreille. II. Subcellular fractionation of metal-accumulating lysosomes from hepatopancreas. In: Cell Biol Toxicol . 4, 1988, pp. 97-109.
  4. ^ A b R. Dallinger, M. Egg, G. Köck, R. Hofer: The role of metallothionein in cadmium accumulation of Arctic Char (Salvellinus alpinus) from high alpine lakes. In: Aquat Toxicol . 38, 1997, pp. 47-66.
  5. ^ R. Dallinger, W. Wieser: The flow of copper through a terrestrial food chain. I. Copper and nutrition in isopods. In: Oecologia. 30, 1977, pp. 253-264.
  6. ^ R. Dallinger, H. Kautzky: The importance of contaminated food for the uptake of heavy metals by rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri): A field study. In: Oecologia. 67, 1985, pp. 82-89.
  7. ↑ B. Berger, R. Dallinger: Terrestrial snails as quantitative indicators of environmental metal pollution. In: Environ Monitor Assess. 25, 1993, pp. 65-84.
  8. ^ R. Dallinger, B. Berger, S. Birkel: Terrestrial isopods: useful biological indicators of urban metal pollution. In: Oecologia. 89, 1992, pp. 32-41.
  9. ^ A. Meraner, A. Brandstätter, R. Thaler, B. Aray, M. Unterlechner, H. Niederstätter, R. Zelger, J. Dalla Via, R. Dallinger: Molecular phylogeny and population structure of the codling moth (Cydia pomonella ) in Central Europe: I. Ancient clade splitting revealed by mitochondrial haplotype patterns. In: Mol Phyl Evol. 48, 2008, pp. 825-837.
  10. ^ R. Thaler, A. Brandstetter, A. Meraner, M. Chabicovsky, W. Parson, R. Zelger, J. Dalla Via, R. Dallinger: Molecular phylogeny and population structure of the codling moth (Cydia pomonella) in Central Europe . II. AFLP analysis reflects human-aided local adaptation of a global pest species. In: Mol Phyl Evol. 48, 2008, pp. 838-849.
  11. ^ A b C. Sturmbauer, GB Opadiya, H. Niederstätter, A. Riedmann, R. Dallinger: Mitochondrial DNA reveals cryptic oligochaete species differing in cadmium resistance. In: Mol Biol Evol. 16, 1999, pp. 967-974.
  12. ^ R. Dallinger, B. Berger, A. Bauer-Hilty: Purification of cadmium-binding proteins from related species of terrestrial Helicidae (Gastropoda, Mollusca): A comparative study. In: Mol Cell Biochem. 85, 1989, pp. 135-145.
  13. ↑ C. Gruber, S. Stürzenbaum, P. Gehrig, R. Sack, P. Hunziker, B. Berger, R. Dallinger: (Cd) -Metallothionein from Eisenia foetida: Isolation and characterization of a self-sufficient one-domain protein . In: Eur J Biochem . 267, 2000, pp. 573-582.
  14. ^ A b R. Dallinger, B. Berger, PE Hunziker, JHR Kägi: Metallothionein in snail Cd and Cu metabolism. In: Nature 388, 1997, pp. 237-238.
  15. ^ R. Dallinger, B. Berger, C. Gruber, PE Hunziker, S. Stürzenbaum: Metallothioneins in Terrestrial Invertebrates: Structural Aspects, Biological Significance, and Implications for their Use as Biomarkers. In: Cell Mol Biology. 46, 2000, pp. 331-346.
  16. ↑ M. Egg, M. Höckner, M. Chabicovsky, A. Brandstätter, D. Schuler, R. Dallinger: Structural and bioinformatic analysis of the Roman snail Cd-Metallothionein gene uncovers molecular adaptation towards plasticity in coping with multifarious environmental stress. In: Mol Ecol. 18, 2009, pp. 2426-2443.
  17. ^ O. Palacios, A. Pagani, S. Pérez-Rafael, M. Egg, M. Höckner, A. Brandstätter, M. Capdevila, S. Atrian, R. Dallinger: Shaping mechanisms of metal specificity in a family of metazoan metallothioneins : evolutionary differentiation of mollusc metallothioneins. In: BMC Biology. 9, 2011, pp. 1-20.
  18. ^ J. Calvo, H. Jung, G. Meloni: Critical Review - Copper Metallothioneins. In: IUBMB Life. 69 (4), 2017, pp. 236–245, DOI: 10.1002 / iub.1618 .
personal data
SURNAME Dallinger, Reinhard
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian biologist
DATE OF BIRTH April 2, 1950
PLACE OF BIRTH Laives , South Tyrol