Robert Mauvoisin

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Robert Mauvoisin (* in the 12th century ; † after 1216 ) was a French knight of the fourth crusade and the Albigensian crusade .

origin

He came from the master family of Rosny-sur-Seine ( House Mauvoisin ), whereby an exact genealogical assignment is difficult. He was married to Cecile, sister of the landlord Guido von Chevreuse , and their child, Isabelle, was married to Adam II von Beaumont-en-Gâtinais. The knight Pierre Mauvoisin, who achieved fame in the Battle of Bouvines (1214) and whose father was called Robert, is sometimes seen as the brother and sometimes as the son of the crusader described here.

Career

In November 1199 Robert Mauvoisin took the cross on the fourth crusade , after the Count of Champagne and several high knights had already done so after a sermon by Fulk von Neuilly at the tournament of Écry . On this occasion, he donated the building of a chapel to the Abbey of Saint-Antoine-des-Champs , in which he wanted to be buried one day. After the leaders of the crusade had decided to take the detour of the crusade to Constantinople after the conquest of Zara in 1202 , Mauvoisin joined the group around Simon de Montfort , who left the crusade army in April 1203 to go to the holy land on their own. His brother-in-law Dreux de Cressonsacq also joined them.

Apparently Mauvoisin advanced to become a confidante of Montfort in the holy land, in any case from 1209 he was one of his closest companions during the Albigensian Crusade . In October 1209 he made a trip to Rome to meet Pope Innocent III. to hand over the letter announcing the appointment of Montfort as crusade leader and his takeover of the Trencavel lands. In December 1209 he had rejoined the crusade army with the Pope's reply. As Pierre de Vaux-de-Cernay reports, Mauvoisin excelled as a keen heretic fighter during the siege of Minerve . When Montfort in July 1210 guaranteed the heretics of Minerve free retreat for their surrender, provided they renounced their faith and submitted to the Roman Catholic Church, Mauvoisin protested against the legate Arnaud Amaury . He noted that the primary task of the crusade was to destroy heresy . In addition, the Cathars of Minerve would only publicly confess to the Roman Church out of fear for their lives, but as soon as they had escaped from the city, began to practice their heresy again. The Legate assured him, however, that the Minerve Cathars were too firmly convinced of their erroneous beliefs and therefore will not renounce him. In fact, only three out of about one hundred and fifty Cathars were willing to swear by the Catholic faith, the remaining majority being burned after the city surrendered.

Mauvoisin then continued to be involved in the Albigensian Crusade, as in the siege of Termes in December 1210. In July 1211, he was sent to northern France , presumably from Rocamadour , to advertise the crusade. He used his home stay in August to arrange his daughter's marriage. At the beginning of December he returned to the "Albigenserland" with around 100 knights. On July 17, 1212 he was commissioned by Montfort with the capture of Marmande , which he was able to complete with success. This was also his last mention in connection with the Albigensian Crusade.

Robert Mauvoisin was still alive in 1216 when he was mentioned in his wife's donations to the abbeys of Vaux-de-Cernay and Port Royal des Champs .

literature

  • Michel Roquebert: The History of the Cathars, Heresy, Crusade and Inquisition in Languedoc. German translation by Ursula Blank-Sangmeister, Philipp Reclam jun. GmbH & Co. KG, Stuttgart 2012. (French first edition, Histoire des Cathares. Hérésie, Croisade, Inquisition du XIe au XIVe siècle. Éditions Perrin, Paris 1999).

Remarks

  1. ↑ Alberich von Trois-Fontaines , Chronica , ed. by P. Scheffer-Boichorst in: Monumenta Germaniae Historica , SS 23, p. 900.
  2. ↑ Gottfried von Villehardouin , Chronique de la conquête de Constantinople, par les Francs , ed. by JA Buchon in: Collection des Chroniques nationales françaises , Vol. 3 (1828), p. 7.
  3. ↑ The foundation was confirmed in 1211 by his daughter and her husband. Joseph Depoin, Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Martin de Pontoise , Fascicule 3 (1901), p. 262, note 81.
  4. ↑ Gottfried von Villehardouin, Chronique de la conquête de Constantinople, par les Francs , ed. by JA Buchon in: Collection des Chroniques nationales françaises , Vol. 3 (1828), p. 43.
  5. ↑ The father of the Bishop of Beauvais, Robert de Cressonsacq († 1248).
  6. ↑ Innocentii III Registrorum sive Epistolarum , ed. by Jacques Paul Migne in, Patrologiae cursus completus. Series Latina. Vol. 216, Col. 141-142.
  7. ↑ Roquebert, pp. 145 and 147. Innocentii III Registrorum sive Epistolarum , ed. by Jacques Paul Migne in, Patrologiae cursus completus. Series Latina. Vol. 216, Col. 151-153.
  8. ↑ Roquebert, p. 154. Pierre des Vaux-de-Cernay, Historia Albigensium , In: Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France , Vol. 19 (1880), p. 32.
  9. ^ Roquebert, p. 155. Wilhelm von Tudela , Canso de la Crosada , ed. by Paul Mayer: La chanson de la croisade conte les Albigeois , vol. 1 (1875), laisse 51, line 1108, p. 52.
  10. ↑ Roquebert, p. 174. Pierre des Vaux-de-Cernay, Historia Albigensium , In: Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France , Vol. 19 (1880), p. 57.
  11. ↑ Roquebert, p. 178. Pierre des Vaux-de-Cernay, Historia Albigensium , In: Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France , Vol. 19 (1880), p. 60.
  12. ↑ Pierre des Vaux-de-Cernay, Historia Albigensium , In: Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France , Vol. 19 (1880), p. 65.
  13. ↑ Luc Merlet, Auguste Moutié, Cartulaire de Notre-Dame des Vaux de Cernay de l'odre de Cîteaux , Vol. 1, (1857), No. 201, pp. 203-204. A. de Dion, Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Porrois (Port-Royal) , Vol. 1 (1903), No. 26, p. 50.
personal data
SURNAME Robert Mauvoisin
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French crusader
DATE OF BIRTH 12th Century
DATE OF DEATH after 1216