Rocca d'Orcia

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Rocca d'Orcia
RoccaDOrciaPanorama.JPG
Panorama of Rocca d'Orcia
Country Italy
region Tuscany
province Siena  (SI)
local community Castiglione d'Orcia
Coordinates 43 ° 1 '  N , 11 ° 37'  E Coordinates: 43 ° 0 '39 "  N , 11 ° 36' 51"  E
height 510  m slm
Residents 34 (2017)
Telephone code 0577 CAP 53023

Rocca d'Orcia is a district ( fraction , Italian frazione ) of Castiglione d'Orcia in the province of Siena , Tuscany region in Italy .

geography

The district is located approx. 1 km north of the main town Castiglione d'Orcia, approx. 40 km southeast of the provincial capital Siena , approx. 90 km southeast of the regional capital Florence and approx. 170 km northwest of the Italian capital Rome in the Orciatal and on the Orcia river at 510 Altitude meters and in 2001 had about 50 inhabitants. In 2017 there were 34 residents. The Via Francigena runs in the immediate vicinity , here on the same route as the Via Cassia . The closest places are the main town Castiglione d'Orcia and Bagno Vignoni (district of San Quirico d'Orcia , approx. 1 km to the north).

history

The castle Rocca d'Orcia , including Rocca di Tentennano , Tintinnano or ink Nano called

The place is mentioned for the first time in a diploma from Ludwig II from the year 853 as Corticella di Tintinnano and as property of the monastery of San Salvatore di Monte Amiata . The place was also mentioned on October 8, 915 as Corte di San Clemente a Tintinnano , also as a confirmation for the monastery, created by Berengar I , and on April 5, 1027 and in 1036, in a document by Conrad II. From 1170, the Tignosi family , subordinates and allies of the Aldobrandeschi , who were confirmed as governor by Frederick I , ruled . The place suffered great destruction in 1207 when it was attacked by Orvieto . On April 29th, the citizens and residents of the village received the Charter of Libertatis from Guido Medico di Uguiccione di Tignoso . Under the council of the Rocca, to which Tebaldo dell'Ardenga and monks of the Abbey of Sant'Antimo belonged, the place came in 1250 to the council of nine of Siena, which four years later was entitled to Senesian (state) citizenship to the inhabitants of the place. The Senese government then began the expansion of the fortifications, the city gates, the castle tower and the city walls were expanded and partly rebuilt. After the Battle of Montaperti in 1260, in the run-up to which Salimbene de 'Salimbeni granted the city of Siena a generous loan of 18,000 Fiorini and was thus decisive for the outcome of the battle, the Rocca di Inknano was awarded (among other things) to the Salimbenis in 1274 as compensation . This issued in 1297 a new codification , which put the Sienese Statute only partially repealed, but the autonomy of the place curtailed greatly. The Rocca is in the Salimbeni property books in 1318 with a value of 23,333 Lire as the second highest value object , directly after the headquarters Palazzo Salimbeni in Siena (24,208 Lire). In the years 1377 and 1378 Catherine of Siena stayed for a long time in the village, where, according to legend, she also learned to read and write. Here the words Dio mi pose nella rocca e da ogni parte tutti i venti la percuotono (God placed me in this fortress on which the winds blow from all directions) from the XXX. Documented letter to Monna Alessa. The place remained under the rule of the Salimbeni until January 25, 1419, when the family under Cocco Salimbeni had to submit to the Senese government after a long siege and subsequent betrayal (the gates of the fortress were opened from the inside) and went into exile in Florence. The place then fell back to the Republic of Siena, which lasted until 1555 and then became part of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany . Rocca d'Orcia and Castiglione d'Orcia fell into the hands of the opponents from Florence a year earlier.

The first bridges below the village (Borgo), which led to Bagno Vignoni, were built in 1428 under Giorgio di Francesco Lombardo , these were restored in 1464 by Pietro d'Angelo detto il Castrado . Today's (pedestrian) bridge over the Orcia was built in 1528 by Baldassare Peruzzi , but has since been reinforced.

Attractions

The Church of San Simeone
The Chiesa di Sebastiano church
The Church of the Madonna delle Grazie di Manno
  • Chiesa di San Simeone , consecrated church in 1633 by Bishop Scipione Panocchieschi d'Elci . Contains the work Crocifissione by Fabrizio Boschi (* around 1570 in Florence , † 1642 ibid.) And the painting Madonna del Rosario from the environment of Vincenzo Rustici . Also once contained the work Madonna col Bambino e Angeli by Giovanni di Paolo , now in the Montalcino Museum.
  • Chiesa della Madonna delle Grazie di Manno , church below the Borgo, which is mainly made of wood. The work dates from the half of the 15th century. Contains the canvas painting Padre Eterno circondato da Angeli e Santi by a Senese artist from the 16th century and a fresco ( Madonna con Bambino e due Angeli ) from the tradition of Bartolomeo Neroni (also called Il Riccio , 16th century).
  • Chiesa di San Sebastiano , 17th century church. Contains a copy of the work San Sebastiano Martire of Sodoma from 1525, the original is in today Uffizi to find.
  • Chiesa della Madonna del Palazzo , former church in the town center near the Piazza Cisterna, is now used as a residential building.
  • Palazzo Comunale , former town hall from the 13th century.
  • Piazza Cisterna , main square in the Borgo with a fountain from the 13th century.
  • Porta Senese , city gate from the 13th century.
  • Rocca di Tentennano (also called Tintinnano or Inknano ), octagonal castle now owned by the state, former property of the Salimbeni family within sight of the (former) headquarters in Radicofani .

literature

Web links

Commons : Rocca d'Orcia  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b TCI
  2. ↑ Official website of ISTAT ( Istituto Nazionale di Statistica ) on 2001 population figures in the province of Siena, accessed on April 9, 2013 (Italian)
  3. ↑ italia in dettaglio zu Rocca d'Orcia , accessed on January 12, 2018 (Italian)
  4. ↑ a b c Corridori / Santioli
  5. ↑ The date of the document is from Repetti. Bosi confirms the local context that Repetti denies.
  6. ↑ a b c Bosi
  7. ↑ a b c Carniani
  8. ^ I percorsi della Via Francigena nelle terre di Siena. Editrice Le Balze, Montepulciano 2003, ISBN 88-7539-002-9 , p. 237.
  9. ↑ a b Repetti
  10. ↑ a b c Corridori / Santioli and Repetti
  11. ^ Roberto Marchionni: Battaglie senesi: Montaperti. Marchionni Editore, Siena 1996, ISBN 88-87448-01-9 , p. 13.
  12. ↑ a b c d Santi
  13. ^ Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 13 (1971) , accessed on April 11, 2013 (Italian)