Rose Bowl (game)
The Rose Bowl is a swept annually game in college football , the university's operation of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) in American football in the United States , which takes place usually on 1 January. It is the oldest and most prestigious of currently around 30 so-called Bowl games in the season ( postseason ), which after the end of the regular season teams will be invited to established selection rules and play for a trophy. The Rose Bowl is also known as the “grandfather of all bowl games” ( The Granddaddy of Them All ) due to its nearly one hundred year tradition and was part of the Bowl Championship Series , a series of five selected bowl games with high sporting prestige and great popularity. The game will be played at Rose Bowl Stadium in Pasadena, California .
history
The Rose Bowl first took place on January 1, 1902 in the Tournament Park of the California Institute of Technology under the name Tournament East-West Football Game , thus establishing the tradition of bowl games at the beginning of the year. The game was part of the Tournament of Roses , a series of New Year celebrations that have been taking place since 1890, the central part of which is a pageant. The University of Michigan team , which represented the east coast , played against the Stanford University team from the west coast . Michigan won the game 49-0 after Stanford dropped out in the third quarter and ended the season with eleven wins as the undefeated national champions. Due to the one-sided course of the game, however, there was little interest in further comparisons between teams from the east and west of the country. As part of the Tournament of Roses, polo games , horse races and other sports competitions were held instead in the following years . It wasn't until 1916 that the next football game was played. The University of Oregon team's 14-0 victory over the University of Pennsylvania team the following year ended the former dominance of the East Coast teams in college football. In 1923, the Rose Bowl first took place in the newly built Rose Bowl Stadium.
An event occurred during the Rose Bowl game in 1929 that was declared one of the Six Most Memorable Moments of the Century by a College Football Hall of Fame committee in 2003 . In the second quarter of the game between the teams of the Georgia Institute of Technology and the University of California, Berkeley took Roy bar , captain of Berkeley, a loss of ball ( fumble ) of an opposing player, and then ran 69 yards towards their own end zone. His teammate Benny Lom pursued Riegel and tried to make him aware of his error. Riegels, who did not understand the words of his teammate due to the raging crowd, assumed that he himself and the faster Lom would be pursued by opposing players and that Lom would therefore ask him to pass in order to complete a touchdown . Three yards from his own baseline, Lom reached his teammate, who now understood his mistake. Only moments later catch, however, was by several players of the team of Georgia Tech on the 1-yard line brought to the ground after they had already tried before to prevent Lom in the persecution bar. The radio presenter responsible for the game commented on this scene, which lasted around ten seconds, in a screaming voice with the words “What am I seeing? Am i crazy Am i crazy Am i crazy Am I crazy? " . Berkeley then tried with a punt to increase the distance of the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets to their own end zone, but this led to a gain of two points for the Georgia Tech team through safety . The game, which ended in an 8-7 win for Georgia Tech, boosted the Rose Bowl's national profile.
The January 1942 game was relocated to Durham, North Carolina due to security concerns following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941 . Two years later, two teams from the West Coast played against each other with the teams from the University of Southern California and the University of Washington due to war-related travel restrictions . The 1952 Rose Bowl was the first nationally broadcast college football game in United States television history. After the war ended, the selection of teams for the Rose Bowl was also changed. While a team from the Pacific Coast Conference , the previous season of today's Pacific-12 Conference (Pac-12), competed against a team from the eastern United States, the game has been between the winners of the Big Ten Conference (Big Ten) and the Pacific-12 Conference or its predecessor institutions, the Athletic Association of Western Universities , the Pac-8 and the Pac-10. In the first thirteen years of this rule, teams from the Big Ten dominated with twelve wins. The Pac-8 / Pac-10 achieved a similar dominance from 1975 to 1987, also with twelve wins in 13 games.
After the Rose Bowl was included in the Bowl Championship Series , introduced in 1998 , the two best-ranked teams after the season took the place of the Big Ten and winners in 2002 and 2006, when the Rose Bowl game served as the BCS National Championship Game the Pac-10 against each other. Also in 2003 and 2005 played with the Oklahoma Sooners and Texas Longhorns teams in the Rose Bowl that did not belong to the Pac-10 or the Big Ten. In addition to the game in 2006, the Rose Bowl in the previous year, in which the Texas Longhorns were also involved, according to commentators, was one of the best Rose Bowl games since the introduction of the Bowl Championship Series. Together with the one-sided course of the Rose Bowl in 2008 with a score of 49 to 17 between the USC Trojans and the Illinois Fighting Illinois , this has led to increased criticism of the Rose Bowl's strict attachment to the Pac-10 / Pac in recent years -12 and the Big Ten. However, as members of the Organizing Committee of the Rose Bowl, representatives of both conferences are directly involved in all decisions relating to the selection of teams for the game.
After the 2014 season, a play-off with the top four teams of the regular season took place for the first time . Two games each of the previous Bowl Championship Series function as semi-finals of the play-off round in a three-year change cycle. When the playoffs were held for the first time after the 2014 season, this concerned the Sugar Bowl and the Rose Bowl.
Commercial Aspects
Compared to most other bowl games, the organizers of the Rose Bowl, despite the long tradition and prestige of the game, signed a contract with a main sponsor relatively late. The first sponsor from 1998 was the US telecommunications company AT&T . After one year of support from Sony in 2002, the financial services provider Citigroup became the main sponsor of the game , starting in 2003 . In contrast to most other bowl games, the name of the main sponsor of the Rose Bowl game is not part of the name of the event, but is called "The Rose Bowl Game presented by ...".
The broadcasting rights for the Rose Bowl had from 1952 to 1987 the television company National Broadcasting Company (NBC). A contract with the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) has existed since 1988 and until at least 2014 , in contrast to the other four games in the Bowl Championship Series, which have been marketed by FOX since 2006 . In addition to the Organizing Committee of the Rose Bowl, the Big Ten and Pac-12 are also involved as contractual partners in the contract with ABC, in contrast to the other BCS Bowl games, in which the broadcasting rights were assigned directly by the BCS to FOX.
As in the other four games of the Bowl Championship Series, the team payout guaranteed to the participating teams is around 14 to 17 million US dollars per team. However, this amount will be shared between all teams at the respective conferences. The number of visitors is over 90,000 and is thus higher than in the three other BCS bowl games and the Super Bowl games of the professional league National Football League (NFL). The Rose Bowl has sold out in all years since 1947. The audience rating for the television broadcast is around 15 percent, depending on the selection of the teams.
Most frequent participants and winners
The University of Southern California ( USC Trojans ) team took part most often in the Rose Bowl with 34 games, followed by the Michigan Wolverines of the University of Michigan with 20 participations (as of January 2017). The direct encounter between the two teams is the most common pairing in the history of the Rose Bowl with eight games so far. Likewise, these two teams achieved the most wins in the Rose Bowl so far, 25 for the USC Trojans and eight for the Michigan Wolverines . The team from the University of Alabama ( Alabama Crimson Tide ) is the most frequently represented team in the Rose Bowl with six appearances so far that is not part of the Pac-12 or the Big-10.
The highest victories in the history of the Rose Bowl reached the team from the University of Michigan against the team from Stanford University and in 1948 against the team from the University of Southern California. The Michigan Wolverines won both games 49-0. Most points in a game were scored in the USC Trojans' 52:49 victory over the Penn State Nittany Lions in 2016 , the fewest in 1922 when the University of California, Berkeley scored 0-0 and Washington & Jefferson College .
literature
- Herb Michelson, Dave Newhouse: Rose Bowl Football since 1902 Stein and Day, New York 1977, ISBN 0-81-282168-8 .
- Raymond Schmidt: The Rose Bowl: A Modern History 1960-2008. St. Johann Press, Haworth 2008, ISBN 1-87-828253-0 .
Web links
- Rose Bowl - Tournament of Roses Official Rose Bowl website
- Past Game Scores - Tournament of Roses List of previous game results (pdf in English)
- BCS Football Official Website of the Bowl Championship Series