Rotfelden
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Rotfelden
community Ebhausen
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| Height : | 493 m above sea level NN | |
| Area : | 2.78 km² | |
| Residents : | 1055 (December 31, 2014) | |
| Population density : | 379 inhabitants / km² | |
| Incorporation : | 1st January 1975 | |
| Postal code : | 72224 | |
| Area code : | 07054 | |
Location of Rotfelden in Baden-Württemberg |
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George's Church in Rotfelden
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Rotfelden is a place in the district of Calw , which belongs to the municipality of Ebhausen .
history
prehistory
Finds from the upper red sandstone , which were made in the 1960s in the Kössig quarry in Rotfelden, show that numerous amphibians and lizards lived in the area of today's Rotfelden during the Triassic period . The "Amotosaurus rotfeldensis" even has its place of discovery in its name and forms its own species. 20 to 25 skeletons of this giraffe neck lizard were found in Rotfelden. The first evidence of a beaked lizard, previously only known from South America, was also made in Rotfelden. Particularly noteworthy is the approximately 240 million year old skull of a tank throat (Eocyclotosaurus woschmidti), which, in contrast to many other finds, was recovered and preserved. Today it is in the State Museum of Natural History in Stuttgart . Rotfelden is considered to be the most important dinosaur site of the early Triassic in Europe.
Neolithic
A skeleton from around 3000 BC Was discovered in the 19th century when the Rotfelden cemetery was moved. With the skeleton was a 10.2 cm long stone ax made of Saussurit gabbro . It is now in the Württemberg State Museum in Stuttgart .
Romans and Alemanni
The field name “Auf Mauren” could indicate the existence of a villa rustica . Further corresponding field names in different parts of the district, such as B. "Maurenacker", "Auf der Steinmauren", "To the long Mauren" (1505), suggest a relatively dense settlement in the Celtic and Roman times. But so far only Roman coin finds have been made in Rotfelden area. Traces of the advance of the Alamanni into the area once occupied by the Romans have not yet been found in Rotfelden.
"Ratsfeld" and "Rahtfelda"
East of the Goldbergweg was "Am Rater Weg", "Im Rat", under the three trees: "Schneckenbaum, Schurkenbaum, Schrintelbaum, a meeting and advice center. It also gave today's Rotfelden its name. A place was first mentioned in a document called "Rahtfelda" on October 1st, 1005, when King Heinrich II relocated the monastery founded by Duke Burkhard and his wife Hadwig on the Hohentwiel to Stein / Rhein and at the same time made this monastery subordinate to the diocese of Bamberg, which he was to establish That the place name already existed in the 9th or 8th century AD. The buildings on Rater Weg were later abandoned; traces of desertification can still be seen on the eastern slope of the Goldberg . Field names such as "Baumgarten" also indicate earlier settlement Not far from the "Alte Weinstrasse", also known as the "Römerstrasse", was the oldest parish church on the so-called Kirchweg or Totenweg, which was the baptismal and burial church for Rotfelde n and turn. The Romanesque font in today's village church could still come from her. The "cattle market" was located between the location of this church and the Old Wine Route, because the pastor was also responsible for raising cattle. He was obliged to keep male breeding cattle. In return, he had to be given the so-called blood tithe. In the liber decimationis of 1275 this church is mentioned for the first time as ecclesia together with the pastor (pleban). The church rector Burkhard, named as a witness in 1281, is likely to have been a member of the well-known Schenner family. Already 100 years later Stein / Rhein Monastery could no longer pay for the maintenance of this church, which is why Pope Boniface IX. incorporated them into the monastery in 1399. But the decline of this ecclesiastical place of worship could not be stopped. Around 1420 priests and sacristans moved their homes to the present village. Nevertheless, Pope Paul II confirmed his ownership of the incorporated Rotfeld parish church in 1470 in a protection document for the Stein / Rhein monastery. Another church or chapel stood in the abandoned town of Oberneuhausen, on the so-called cattle drive, next to the "Weingartberg". According to a credible oral tradition, even the Widemhöfe of Sulz, Validlingen and Effringen drove their cattle over the Schwarzenbach up this cattle drive and along the Alte Weinstrasse to the cattle market. At about the same time as the old parish church and its Widemhof, the Rotfelder Mühle on the Schwarzenbach went off. It was called "Ödenmühle". The "Mühlsteige" on the Effringer district still reminds of them. Before 1466/1480 it belonged to the Böcklin von Eutingertal and the Schütz von Horb with the associated tithe. For more than 250 years Rotfelden did not have its own mill and had to have the grain milled in the lower mill in Ebhausen until 1764.
Origin of the village
The "Erlewinus de Ratfelden" mentioned around 1090 as a witness for Hirsau Monastery is closely related or even identical to the "vir nobilis Erlewinus de Bernech". It is possible that the construction of a six-acre fish pond on the Katzenbach and the construction of a castle on the "Burggraben" go back to him. While the castle fell as early as 1300, the fish pond, the traces of which can still be seen in the area, was not destroyed until 1609 by a flood. In contrast to Erlewin, the Reinhard, Wetzel and Heilwig von Rotfelden mentioned in 1288 and 1294 can be assigned to the lower nobility under the Counts of Hohenberg. Around 1250 the cleric Heinrich von Mühlen, a relative of the "Heinrich dictus Zebanach" mentioned in 1294, hands over donations from a "predium" in Rotfelden to the Reichenbach monastery in the Murgtal. This "predium" can be localized within today's local alphabet in the upper village. Other goods named by name followed in 1353, including "Der Lewin Gut". The predecessor of today's St. George's Church was attached to this courtyard, which burned down in 1559, as a chapel. Parts of the north wall and the tower of today's church probably come from this chapel. Your St. Jergen patronage is mentioned for the first time in 1423. Under the Margraves of Baden it was elevated to a parish church after the old parish church with the Widemhof had been removed. In Rotfelden there were two independently existing Widemhöfe and two Freihöfe, because the current area was divided before 1458 by a tenth and wild ban border. While the current location developed into a certain center, more distant properties and settlements such as Neuhausen and Nidling (Neidlingen) fell into disrepair and were abandoned.The old manors in today's Ortsetter lay in the middle of gardens with numerous footpaths, known as angles, crisscrossed. The structural consolidation and alignment of the buildings along the village streets only started on the 15th and 16th. Century.
Middle Ages and Reformation times
Rotfelden was subordinate to the Counts of Hohenberg. After their influence had diminished and Burkhard V finally ran into financial difficulties, Rotfelden was pledged in 1353. In 1398 Rudolf von Hohenberg sold Rotfelden together with other localities to the Margrave of Baden.
Margrave Karl II introduced the Reformation in Baden . Around 1522 the last Catholic pastor in Rotfelden, Theodor Mayer, ended his activity. Elias Fuchs, the first Protestant pastor, worked in Rotfelden from 1556 to 1561. In 1543, Duke Ulrich of Württemberg bought the parish of Rotfelden with its collage and properties. The church and the church set remained in Baden, so that Rotfelden now had a Baden church and a Wuerttemberg priest. It was not until 1603 that the Altensteig office was swapped into possession of Württemberg. On July 19, 1559, a fire destroyed a large part of the village. In 1626 the Georgskirche, which still exists today, was built during the Thirty Years War . The Georgskirche is a hall building closed on three sides with pointed arch windows. The church tower was built on the remains of an old previous tower.
Development from the 17th century
The Thirty Years' War and a plague epidemic in 1635 killed numerous people. 186 people died in Rotfelden, including the pastor Johannes Zeller. The number of the population was reduced by about half.
The tax registry of the Altensteig office mentioned 58 buildings in Rotfelden in 1737. 23 of them were purely residential buildings, 19 were combinations of residential buildings and barns. There was a school, a laundry and a poor house. For Rotfelden, this document also attests to eight equipment makers, three weavers, three bakers, a carpenter, a blacksmith, a wagner and a tailor.
In 1758 the first brickworks was set up in Rotfelden.
In 1783 the new rectory was built. The parish barn of this house is now used as the parish hall.
In 1812 an administrative reform was carried out in the Kingdom of Württemberg . The previous Altensteig office was dissolved. Rotfelden was now part of the Nagold Office. In 1823 the poor house was replaced by a newly built "beggar's house". This building was preserved and was awarded the Monument Protection Prize of the Swabian Heimatbund in 1997 .
Julius Steinkopf created the first depiction of Rotfelden in 1834. The watercolor is now in the Staatsgalerie Stuttgart .
During the First World War , all church bells except the old Mary's bell were melted down. At least 30 men from Rotfelden died in World War I or were considered missing.
On December 10, 1951, the then still independent municipality of Rotfelden was awarded a coat of arms based on a design by Gottlieb Ungericht (1902-1993). He came from Rotfelden and was a teacher in his home community from 1947 to 1968. The coat of arms consists of a golden shield with a red sloping bar, which reminds of the affiliation to the margraviate of Baden. The stag bar is a reminder of belonging to Württemberg, the wheel of the medieval form of the place name.
In 1962 the new town hall was built, which also houses the Protestant kindergarten. In 1967 a new building for the primary school followed. The old town hall and the old school now serve as residential buildings.
On January 1st, 1975 Rotfelden was incorporated into Ebhausen.
The Kamelhof Rotfelden opened in 2002, which was partially destroyed by a fire in 2013. In 2017 an amusement park was opened on the Kamelhof property.
The thousandth anniversary of the place was celebrated in 2005. A home book was published for the occasion.
literature
- Hans Peter Köpf, Karl Kempf, Wilhelm Breitling (eds.): Rotfelden. A millennial story 1005-2005 . Anton H. Konrad Verlag, Weißenhorn 2005. ISBN 978-3-87437-480-4 .
- Burkhart Oertel : Ortssippenbuch Rotfelden and Wenden, district Calw in Württemberg, community Ebhausen, Evangelical parish Rotfelden, 1580-1945 including appendix for modern times. Neubiberg: Self-published by the author 2003 (= Württemberg local clan books 50)
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Ebhausen in numbers. Archived from the original on July 17, 2015 ; Retrieved July 17, 2015 .
- ↑ Honor roll for those killed in World War I. Archived from the original on July 17, 2015 ; Retrieved July 17, 2015 .
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 489 .
