Mediterranean blackberry

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Mediterranean blackberry
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Mediterranean blackberry ( Rubus ulmifolius )

Systematics
Order : Rose-like (rosales)
Family : Rose family (Rosaceae)
Subfamily : Rosoideae
Genre : Rubus
Section : Blackberries ( rubus )
Type : Mediterranean blackberry
Scientific name
Rubus ulmifolius
Bulkhead
Mediterranean blackberry - fruits

The Mediterranean blackberry ( Rubus ulmifolius ) or elm leaf blackberry is a species of the genus Rubus in the section of blackberries ( Rubus ). The fruit of the species is a popular food fruit in the Mediterranean region . In America and the Galapagos Archipelago , the Mediterranean blackberry is a dreaded invasive plant that displaces native plants there.

description

The Mediterranean blackberry is a small shrub that reaches a height of up to 2 meters. The habit is sloping, the plants slightly wintergreen. Branches and petioles are mostly reddish. The spines are straight or slightly curved.

The leaflets are 3 to 5 fold. Each leaflet is broadly ovate. The terminal leaflet is between 3 and 8 centimeters long, the lateral leaflets are smaller. The leaf tops are bare or almost bare. The leaf veins are finely hairy. The undersides of the leaves are densely tomentose.

The inflorescences are densely hairy. The hermaphrodite flowers are pink. The sepals are pointed. The petals are rounded and heavily wrinkled. The anthers are hairless.

The Mediterranean blackberry flowers from July to August, more rarely in September.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14.

distribution

The Mediterranean blackberry is an Atlantic-West Mediterranean floral element . In Europe it comes in Ireland , Great Britain , the southern Netherlands and Belgium eastwards to Luxembourg and North Rhine-Westphalia , France , Spain , Portugal , the Balearic Islands , Corsica , Sardinia , in Italy northwards to southern Switzerland , Sicily , Malta , Slovenia , Croatia , Bosnia-Herzegovina , Montenegro and, with a few isolated sites, in Macedonia and Greece . In Southeastern Europe and the Middle East, the closely related Rubus sanctus replaces the Mediterranean blackberry.

In Africa there are deposits in the Canary Islands and Madeira , Morocco , Algeria and Tunisia .

Occurrences in the Azores , most of Germany , Denmark and the Czech Republic are considered naturalized .

In Germany, natural occurrences are limited to the area around Aachen ; more recent expansion happened mainly in North Rhine-Westphalia. The occurrence on Heligoland is also doubtful indigenous . In Central Europe it is a species of the Pruno-Rubion ulmifolii association.

Neophytic occurrences are found in North America, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, the Galapagos Archipelago and in Chile. There, the species is being fought as an invasive plant .

Systematics

The Mediterranean blackberry is placed in the Discolores ( PJMüller ) Focke series within the subsection Hiemales E.HLKrause , which belongs to the section and subgenus Rubus .

It includes four varieties :

  • Rubus ulmifolius var. Bellidiflorus ( Koch ) Focke , a variety with double flowers and narrow petals.
  • Rubus ulmifolius var. Dalmatinus ( Tratt. ) Halácsy , a geographical breed that occurs on the Balkan Peninsula.
  • Rubus ulmifolius var. Inermis Focke , a thornless variety.
  • Rubus ulmifolius var. Ulmifolius

literature

  • Franz H. Meyer, Ulrich Hecker, Hans Rolf Höster, Fred-Günter Schroeder: Woody flora. A book to identify the trees and shrubs that grow wild and are planted in Central Europe . Founded by Jost Fitschen . 8th edition. Quelle & Meyer, Heidelberg, Wiesbaden 1987, ISBN 3-494-01151-6 , p. 58/43 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Heinrich Egon Weber : Rubus. In: Heinrich Egon Weber (ed.): Illustrated flora of Central Europe . Founded by Gustav Hegi. 3rd, completely revised and enlarged edition. Volume IV. Part 2A: Spermatophyta: Angiospermae: Dicotyledones 2 (2) (Hamamelidaceae - Rosaceae 1st part) . Blackwell, Berlin a. a. 1995, ISBN 3-8263-3016-1 , pp. 368-370 .
  2. ↑ a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 524 .
  3. ↑ a b c Arto Kurtto, Heinrich E. Weber, Raino Lampinen, Alexander N. Sennikov (eds.): Atlas Florae Europaeae. Distribution of Vascular Plants in Europe. 15. Rosaceae (Rubus). Tiedekirja & Akateeminen Kirjakauppa, The Committee for Mapping the Flora of Europe & Societas Biologica Fennica Vanamo, Helsinki 2010, ISBN 978-951-9108-16-2 , pp. 65-66.

Web links

Commons : Mediterranean Blackberry ( Rubus ulmifolius )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files