Rudolf Hospinian

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Rudolf Hospinian

Rudolf Hospinian ( Latinized ), also Rudolf Wirth (born November 7, 1547 in Fehraltorf ; † March 11, 1626 in Zurich ) was a Swiss Protestant clergyman and theologian.

Life

Rudolf Hospinian was the son of pastor Adrian Wirth and his wife Dorothea (née Wolf). His grandfather was Hans Wirth, Vogt von Stammheim and his uncle was the chaplain of the same name, Hans Wirth. After the storm in Ittingen, they were charged as ringleaders and executed. His father, who had also been charged, was acquitted.

At the age of 7, Rudolf Hospinian came to Zurich in 1554 and attended the Fraumünster School; During his stay he was supported and encouraged by his godfather, the Antistes Rudolf Gwalther , and his uncle Pastor Johann Wolf (1521–1572). After the death of his father in 1563, they took over the further care.

He enrolled in 1565 to study theology at the University of Marburg and finished his studies at the University of Heidelberg after a six-month stay with a master's degree .

In 1568 he received the professorship for dogmatics at the Carolinum in Zurich and was accepted into the Zurich church that same year; at the same time he was pastor in Weiach , Hirzel and Schwamendingen until 1576 , after which he was rector of the Carolinum.

On September 25, 1588 he was appointed archdeacon and canon at the Grossmünster . From 1594 to 1623 he was Ecclesia Tigurinae Alta Abbatissana Pastor (official title of the pastor who was pastor at the Fraumünster from 1525 to 1956 ); He rejected the election to Antistes twice.

In 1602 he was appointed head of the newly founded Collegium Humanatis , for the establishment of which he had strongly advocated.

In 1613 the Elector Friedrich IV sent him the Heidelberg surgeon Martinus Boos, who cured him from cataracts with an operation ; this was probably the first cataract operation in Switzerland.

He was in contact with Thomas Kirchmeyer and Kaspar Brusch , among others .

Rudolf Hospinian had his first marriage since 1569 with Anna († 1612), daughter of the archdeacon Ludwig Lavater, and since 1612 his second marriage with Magdalena, daughter of the politician Hans Konrad Wirz. His daughter Elisabetha Wirth (* 1593 in Zurich) was married to the theologian Johann Rudolf Stucki .

Writing and theological work

Rudolf Hospinian published numerous historical works on baptism , mass , monasticism , the Eucharist , church festivals , fasting , religious orders , the rule of the papacy and funerals, with the aim of convicting the Catholic Church of error.

Through publications on internal Protestant disputes and his work Concordia discors, seu de origines and progressu formulæ concordiæ Bergensis against the concord formula, he got into violent arguments with Lutherans ; Leonhard Hutter replied to his writing in 1614 with Concordia Concors .

Johann Heinrich Heidegger published the writings as a complete edition in 1698, which comprised seven volumes of six to seven hundred pages each; today it is kept in the Zurich Central Library.

Characteristic of his work was his patristic , dogma-historical , liturgical and general knowledge of the history of the church, which allowed him to present well-founded arguments, especially to Catholics and Lutherans.

In the first volume ( De Templis ), Johann Friedrich Heidegger combined all of the writings in which Rudolf Hospinian attacked the Catholic tendency towards a magical worldview and superstition . The same applies to the second volume ( De festis ), in which Hospinian refuted the Catholic feast days and the resulting cult of saints by showing that it is precisely in the cult of saints that the reification of salvation that is typical of Catholicism manifests itself.

Just as decisively he rejects the doctrine of transubstantiation in the third and fourth volumes ( Historia sacramentaria ) , whereby he also deals with the Lutheran conception of the Lord's Supper .

In the other volumes, Rudolf Hospinian also deals with monasticism ( De Monachis ) and in particular with the methods of the Jesuits ( Historia Jesuitica ). This combat pamphlet from 1619, in which he also included the material collection in disputes about the Jesuit order, the De Studiis Jesuitarum Abstrusioribus, Relatio by Johann Cambilhon , remained his last major work.

The fifth volume stands out from his oeuvre ( Concordia discors ), in which Hospinian competes not against the Catholics but against the Lutherans. The doctrine of the ubiquity of the transfigured body and blood of Christ in the Lord's Supper was the target of his attack, a controversial issue that had already driven Huldrych Zwingli and Martin Luther apart.

Fonts (selection)

literature

  • Rudolf Hospinian . In: Johann Jakob Herzog: Real Encyclopedia for Protestant Theology and Church , Volume 6. Stuttgart and Hamburg 1856.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Rudolf Hanhart: Tales from Swiss history based on the chronicles . Schweighauser, 1829 ( google.de [accessed February 4, 2020]).
  2. ↑ Martina Sulmoni: "A youth who loves art and virtue ": the image-text combinations in the New Year's sheets of the Zurich Burger Library from 1645 to 1672 (restricted view) . Peter Lang, 2007, ISBN 978-3-03911-172-5 ( google.de [accessed February 4, 2020]).
  3. ↑ MDZ reader | Band | De Studiis Jesuitarum Abstrusioribus, Relatio / Cambilhom, Johann | De Studiis Jesuitarum Abstrusioribus, Relatio / Cambilhom, Johann. Retrieved February 4, 2020 .
personal data
SURNAME Hospinian, Rudolf
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hospinianus, Rodolphus; Hospinian, Rudolph; Host, Rudolph; Wirth, Rudolf; Hospinianus, Rudolph; Hospinianus, Rudolphus; Wirth, Rudolph; Hospinianus, Rodolph; Hospinian, Rodolph W .; Host, Rudolf; Hospinian, Rudolph Wirth
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swiss reformed clergyman and theologian
DATE OF BIRTH November 7, 1547
PLACE OF BIRTH Fehraltorf
DATE OF DEATH March 11, 1626
Place of death Zurich