Rudolf Wilhelm von Stubenberg

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Rudolf Wilhelm von Stubenberg

Rudolf Wilhelm von Stubenberg (born January 2, 1643 in Preßburg ; † January 28, 1677 in Regensburg ) was a member of the Fruit Bringing Society .

Origin and childhood

Rudolf Wilhelm came from the Protestant branch of the von Stubenberg family, who emigrated from Styria to Bohemia . His parents were the translator and poet Johann Wilhelm von Stubenberg and Felicitas Dorothea von Eibiswald . He was born and baptized in Pressburg, then part of the Kingdom of Hungary . After falling ill at the age of two, he retained a permanent handicap. He spent his childhood at Schallaburg Castle in Lower Austria , which his father was granted after lengthy inheritance disputes. He received his Christian upbringing and his first lessons from his parents. Although it was forbidden by an imperial decree of 1652 to employ Protestant educators, in 1653 - through the mediation of Sigmund von Birken - Paul Winkler, a nephew of the Silesian poet Andreas Gryphius , was employed as a private tutor for Rudolf Wilhelm. After Winkler left the Schallaburg for personal reasons in April 1656, Rudolf Wilhelm became a student at the Protestant grammar school in Pressburg. He then began legal training in Vienna ( Collegia Juridica ), which he was unable to complete due to the death of his father.

Death of the father and exile

After the death of his father in 1663, Rudolf had great difficulties getting his inheritance as a minor Protestant nobleman. Likewise, he was not allowed to take the planned educational trip, as this group of people was also prohibited from studying abroad by the Catholic authorities. These rules were intended to encourage widows and orphans to convert . After the enemy approached the capital Vienna threateningly during the Turkish War , Rudolf fled with his mother to Wels in Upper Austria , from which all Protestants had already been expelled. In autumn he traveled again to Vienna in the hope of being able to hold an office there without changing faith.

However, he recognized his hopeless situation and, after he had come of age, finally left his Austrian homeland with his mother in the spring of 1664. He sought refuge in the free imperial city of Regensburg , where many Austrian exiles had already settled and where distant relatives of the Stubenberg, who had remained uncompromisingly faithful, lived. There he arranged for his mother to find proper accommodation and had her portrayed by the engraver GE Emmerts.

Educational trip

In the summer or autumn of 1664, Rudolf Wilhelm undertook the long-planned educational trip to Switzerland, France, Spain, England and the Netherlands. He was on the road for a year and a half and returned to Vienna via Hamburg, Westphalia, Saxony and Bohemia, presumably with the intention of soliciting his future wife.

Marriage and family

On February 13, 1667, Rudolf Wilhelm married Maria Maximiliana von Auersperg in the Protestant church of Kittsee near Pressburg, which was then part of Hungary . The bridal couple probably knew each other from their childhood days. The bride's father, Erasmus von Auersperg, owned Ernegg Castle in Lower Austria, which was not far from the Schallaburg.

Stubenberg-Epitaph sent cemetery Dreieinigkeitskirche Regensburg

At Rudolf Wilhelm's request, the bones of his father, who had been buried in the evangelical cemetery in Kittsee, were transferred to Regensburg and buried in the churchyard of the Church of the Holy Trinity (today's name: Messengersfriedhof bei der Dreieinigkeitskirche ). There he had the first epitaph built in the churchyard for his father Johann Wilhelm von Stubenberg around 1670 and also used the preserved grave slab of his second-degree great-uncle and patron Georg von Stubenberg , who died in Regensburg in 1630 and was with the in 1633 Fighting for Regensburg destroyed Petersfriedhof was buried. With this, Rudolf Wilhelm had established a family grave at today's envoy cemetery at the Dreieinigkeitskirche, in which Rudolf Wilhelm's mother Felicitas, who had only outlived her husband by four years, was buried on December 23, 1667. The newlywed couple's happiness did not last. On May 4, 1668 his wife Maria Maximiliana died and was also buried in the new family grave, deeply mourned by Rudolf Wilhelm. Her childhood friend, Catharina Regina von Greiffenberg , wrote a mourning poem for the printed funeral sermon. After this stroke of fate, Rudolf Wilhelm undertook a trip to Italy lasting several months.

In his second marriage, Rudolf Wilhelm married the Wild and Rhine Countess Anna Juliana von Salm-Grumbach (1650–1721) on July 4, 1670 . The couple lived in Regensburg and had a son, Adolf Wilhelm (1671–1738), and four daughters. In a letter, Rudolf Wilhelm asked the Saxon Elector Johann Georg II to take over the guardianship and care for his children in the event of his death and to protect them from Austrian Catholic relatives. He could no longer realize the plan to take up his residence in Saxony. He dictated his will on January 27, 1677 and died the next day at the age of only 34. He too was buried in the family grave he had created himself. A few years later, his second wife moved with the children to Dresden and died there in 1721.

Literary activity

While his father was still alive, Rudolf was accepted into the Fruitful Society at the age of 18 and chose the pseudonym "The Beneficiary". Although he was still inexperienced in the literary world and little practiced in writing, poetry and translation, he took care of his father's work, which was in parts still unpublished. He was unable to implement his own translation plans. However, some dedicatory poems by him have survived.

Paper cutouts

Even as a child, Rudolf Wilhelm is said to have made masterful silhouettes of above-average craftsmanship, about which his tutor Paul Winkler expressed his praise in a letter to Sigmund von Birken. 16 of these silhouettes have survived the centuries and are in the Kupferstichkabinett of the Germanisches Nationalmuseum in Nuremberg. They are cut from white paper and glued to black surfaces and are said to be among the oldest preserved paper cuttings in Europe. In addition to ornamental motifs and coats of arms, there are also imaginative depictions of a peasant wedding, an elephant hunt, the bird sermon of St. Francis, the adoration of the Christ child by shepherds and the three wise men, etc. shown. The silhouettes “Armored Man” and “Sheep Farm” are lost.

Art collection

Rudolf was an art lover who mainly collected landscapes and flowers. His picture gallery with pictures by Veronese , Caravaggio and other well-known artists is described by Joachim von Sandrart in his "Academie der Bau-, Bild und Mahlerey-Künste" (Nuremberg 1675). He also owned an important collection of coins and medals.

literature

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personal data
SURNAME Stubenberg, Rudolf Wilhelm von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Stubenberg, Rudolph Wilhelm von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Baroque poet
DATE OF BIRTH January 2, 1643
PLACE OF BIRTH Pressburg
DATE OF DEATH January 28, 1677
Place of death regensburg