Johann Wilhelm von Stubenberg

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Johann Wilhelm von Stubenberg

Johann Wilhelm von Stubenberg (born April 22, 1619 in Neustadt an der Mettau , East Bohemia , † March 15, 1663 in Vienna ) was a poet and translator of the Baroque period. His bones were brought to Regensburg by the family who had fled and buried in the ambassador's cemetery near the Dreieinigkeitskirche .

Childhood in Bohemia

Johann Wilhelm came from the third marriage of Rudolf von Stubenberg with Justine, born Baroness of Zelking . His father Rudolf was involved in the uprising of the Bohemian estates at the beginning of the Thirty Years' War and was killed on February 1, 1620 in an explosion of hidden powder stocks in the Jičín Castle . Although he was no longer alive, his goods were confiscated in the course of the persecution of Protestants after the Battle of the White Mountains , and the family had to leave the castle and estate of Neustadt an der Mettau.

Life in exile

The widow Justina and her son Johann Wilhelm sought help from Austrian relatives. The Styrian Georg von Stubenberg , a cousin of her late husband, took care of the refugees and granted them shelter in his in Lower Austria situated Schallaburg .

With the support of Georg von Stubenberg, Johann Wilhelm was able to attend the important Protestant landscape school in Loosdorf , which belonged to the Schallaburg rulership. However, after an imperial mandate forbade the Protestant nobles in Styria from any further stay, Georg von Stubenberg went into exile in Regensburg in 1629 , where he died shortly after his arrival and was buried in the Weih St. Peter cemetery. This cemetery was destroyed in the years 1632/3 during the fighting for Regensburg in the Thirty Years War, but its grave plate has been preserved and can be found in the ambassadorial cemetery in front of the Stubenberg epitaph, which was built there in 1668 by the son Rudolf of Johann Wilhelm ( see below) The school in Loosdorf supported by Georg von Stubenberg had to be closed. Justina and Johann Wilhelm left Lower Austria and moved to Pirna in Saxony , which had become a center for Bohemian exiles . Justina died here in 1632.

When his mother died, Johann Wilhelm was 13 years old and then lived with a tutor and a servant in the Bohemian colony in Dresden . In 1636 he went on an educational trip to France, Italy and the Netherlands and in 1638 was a guest of Count Anton Günther von Oldenburg , who owned a prestigious stud . Johann Wilhelm's enthusiasm for horse breeding is said to have been aroused here. At the end of 1639 he returned to Dresden and tried to get the inheritance of his second degree uncle Georg von Stubenberg to which he was entitled. In the course of the inheritance in 1641, he received the lords of Schallaburg and Sichtenberg in Lower Austria as an imperial fief a year later.

Felicitas Dorothea von Eibiswald

Starting a family

In 1642 Stubenberg married Felicitas Dorothea von Eibiswald at the Schallaburg . She came from an old Styrian family who also had to leave their homeland for religious reasons and finally settled in Regensburg, which was home to many Austrian religious refugees.

In order to be able to participate in Protestant church services, the newlyweds had to go to the then Hungarian Pressburg on church holidays, which was easy to reach from Vienna and where the Protestants were still tolerated. As a result, Johann Wilhelm and his wife knew a large number of Austrian exiles and fellow believers in Pressburg, with whom they presumably also found accommodation. On January 2, 1643, their only son Rudolf Wilhelm von Stubenberg was born and baptized in Pressburg. Many noble relatives of the parents were baptismal witnesses.

Literary activity

At the Schallaburg, Stubenberg dealt with literature , philosophy and art and made the decision to become literary. He mainly dealt with the translation of contemporary French and Italian novels.

In 1651 he was on the recommendation of the Moravian nobles Georg Ehrenreich II. Roggendorf under the pseudonym "the Unfortunate" member of the Fruit-bearing Society . He sought contact with important scholars and writers and made friends with the Nuremberg poets Georg Philipp Harsdörffer and Sigmund von Birken .

In 1652 he went on a trip to Weimar to meet the newly elected head of the Fruitful Society, Duke Wilhelm IV of Saxe-Weimar , personally, but probably also to look for a new place of residence after the situation of the Austrian Protestants had become increasingly depressing . On the return trip he visited his friends Harsdörffer and Birken in Nuremberg, and in Regensburg he met relatives and acquaintances.

Last years in Vienna

In 1659 Stubenberg moved to Vienna, presumably intending to settle in Hungary as soon as possible after he had become indigenous to Hungary in 1655 , where Protestants were less persecuted. In Vienna he had close contact with a large group of friends and promoted important poets such as Catharina Regina von Greiffenberg and Wolf Helmhardt von Hohberg . He exchanged letters with the great Silesian poet Andreas Gryphius and proposed him to join the Fruitful Society.

Stubenberg-Epitaph sent cemetery Dreieinigkeitskirche Regensburg

The last document he received is a letter dated December 12, 1662 in which he renounced all of his rights and obligations to Schallaburg and Sichtenberg. With that this property was lost for his descendants. Stubenberg died on March 15, 1663 in Vienna. The disease and cause of death are unknown. Because an evangelical rite was not allowed to take place in Vienna, he was buried in the evangelical cemetery in Kittsee in Burgenland . A few years later his bones were transferred to Regensburg, where his widow and his now married son Rudolf Wilhelm had emigrated because of religious persecution. In Regensburg, after the death of his mother Felicitas Dorothea (widow of Johann von Stubenberg) and the death of his wife Maximiliane shortly thereafter, the son Rudolf founded a Stubenberg family grave in the envoy cemetery near the Trinity Church in 1668 , in which the remains of his father Johann Wilhelm should rest. The grave site was covered with the rescued and preserved grave slab of the great supporter of the Georg von Stubenberg family , the inscription of which is documented. The showpiece of the tomb is the epitaph tomb, which is still preserved today. In the documented epitaph inscription, Johann Wilhelm von Stubenberg is honored in detail as someone who "was famous for his knowledge of all languages ​​and sciences and who gave the mother tongue shine and purity". The epitaph was the first of twenty epitaphs erected in this cemetery. His son Rudolf Wilhelm, who took care of the publication of the translations of his father that had not yet been printed in part, was buried in this tomb in 1677. The student and friend of Johann Wilhelm von Stubenberg, Catharina Regina von Greiffenberg, wrote a dedication poem after his death, which is said to be the most beautiful tribute to him.

His works

  • Norma seu regula armentorum equinorum rectè ac perfectè instituendorum, Vienna 1662
  • Numerous poems by Stubenberg can be found in the works of other authors and editors

His translations

  • Giovanni Francesco Biondi, EROMENA, that is love and hero poem in which, teasingly, a lot of quick thought is described in the Welscher language, but now translated into Hochteutsche ( together with Martin Bircher ); Volumes I-IV, Nuremberg 1650–1651.
  • Giovanni Francesco Marini, Contest of the Desperate: A Very Graceful and Artificial Love Story of the Outstanding Highly Famous Jtalianer MARINI. Besides its forests / translated into our splendid high German mother tongue / by a member of the highly praiseworthy fruitful society / the unfortunate soul. Frankckfurt / Bey Johann Hüttnern, 1651.
  • Giovanni Francesco Loredano, history = to talk: This is / voluntary mind-joke of Mr. Johann Frantz Loredano, the highly learned noble Venetian nobleman. To praiseworthy virtues and customs / also delicate goodness = honesty from Italian into our honored, highly = German mother tongue, translated by a member of the highly praiseworthy fruit-bearing society of the unfortunate, Nuremberg / Bey Michael Endter / in 1652.
  • Luke Assarino, King Demetrius. A true / but with a lot of meaningfulness / to ease / reading = grace / also useful moral theory / useful by poems increased and adorned history; Described by Mr. Lukas Assarinen in Welsh language without comparison = beautiful / anjetzo but best fortune according to high German by a member of the highly commendable / fruiting society / the unlucky ones. Nuremberg / by Michael Endter, 1653.
  • Grenaille, women amusement. A so well used for spiritual moral teaching as a graceful freedom = and delightful little work. Originally described in French by Herr von Grenaille in Chatounieres / and appropriated to the Queen in Great Britain / Anjetzo but translated into High German by a member of the highly praiseworthy Fruitful Society for the unfortunate. Printed at Nuremberg / published by Michael Endter / 1653. ( digital version )
  • Francisci Baconis Grafens von Verulamio, formerly English Reichscantzlers Faithful Speeches: Regarding customs, regiments and home teaching / interpreted from Latin / by a member of the Fruitful Society. the unfortunate ones, Nuremberg / in transfer Michael Endters / 1654.
  • Francisci Baconi, Counts of Verulamio, excellent state = reason = and moral teaching = writings. ... Translated by A Member of the Praiseworthy Fruiting Society of the Unfortunate. Nuremberg / Jn moved by Michael Endters / 1654.
  • Joh: Fransisci Loredani of the noble and world famous Venetians devotions on the Seven Penitential Psalm of the royal prophet David. In GOD'S honor, interpreted from Jtalian by a member of the Most Praiseworthy Fruitful Society. Ulm / Jn laying Georg Wildeisen / 1654.
  • Giovanni Ambrogio Marini, The famous Welschen poet MARJNJ / Printz Kalloandro. To practice and embellish our high German language / translated into it from Jtalian: By a member of the Höchstl. Fruit br. Society / The unfortunate. Nuremberg / Printed and published by Michael Endter. Jm year / 1656.
  • Germanized Samson / The most splendid Jtaliänischen writing = the lightest of our times / Mr. Ferrante Pallavicini. Through a member of the Praiseworthy Fruiting Society, the unfortunate is created. Nuremberg / printed and published by Michael Endter / 1657
  • From human perfection / what are the goods goods / especially souls theirs; Together with the teaching = types of sciences / which are understood in themselves ... By H. Sorel, Rittern and Königl. Raht / also the most distinguished historians in France / and their majesty. Translated into French mother = Haubt = language by a member of the highly praiseworthy fruit group. Society for the unfortunate. Nuremberg by Michael Endter 1660.
  • CLELIA: a Roman story / By Mr. von Scuderi, Königl. French Command = have to our women de la Garde, Described in French; anitzt but translated into standard German by a member of hochlöbl. Fruitful society for the unfortunate. Nuremberg / in relocation Michael and Joh. Friedr. Endtern / 1664
  • Johannis Francisci Loredani, Deß Noble / and world famous Venetianers devotions / Vber the 15th season = Psalms of the royal prophet David. Interpreted from Italian for God's glory. Through a member of the Most Praiseworthy / Fruitful Society / The Blessed Unfortunate. Franckfurt / Jn, published by Joh. Conrad Emmrichs. Jm year 1669.
  • It is forbidden to serve the wise / A very graceful and well-appointed Wercklein / Which the famous knight Joh. Baptista Manzini was first described in Wällscher's language. From the hoch- und wolgebohrnen / unfortunate but / as a member of the hochlöbl: fruitful society / translated into our high German mother = language. Franckfurt and Regenßpurg / Jn laying Joh. Conr. Emmerichs / Anno 1671

Previously wrongly attributed to Stubenberg

According to Martin Bircher (see bibliography, p. 322), the following works are incorrectly attributed to Johann Wilhelm von Stubenberg:

  • Religion and "prophet" = peace / the true SYNCRETISM ; In Rom. Reich Teutscher Nation: ... Printed in the year of Christ 1689.
  • THESAURUS MUNDI This is a brief but thorough instruction / Where the treasure of the world got to in a hundred and more years ... Printed in Jammerthal ... Anno 1689
  • Infortunati Fortunati Repeated necessary memory / And simple but true conversation / Because of the misuse of money / Gold and silver / As well as the resulting inability to change or alleged improvement of the Müntz character ... Printed in 1693

All three writings appeared decades after Stubenberg's death. In contrast, the author should often refer to events from the recent past. Stubenberg is also questioned as a writer in terms of content, style and choice of words. The question of the real author of these three writings remains unanswered.

literature

Direct references

  1. ^ Albrecht Klose, Klaus-Peter Rueß: The grave inscriptions on the ambassador's cemetery in Regensburg. Texts, translations, biographies, historical notes . In: Stadtarchiv Regensburg (ed.): Regensburger studies . tape 22 . Regensburg City Archives, Regensburg 2015, ISBN 978-3-943222-13-5 , p. 96-99 .

Web links

Wikisource: Johann Wilhelm von Stubenberg  - Sources and full texts
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personal data
SURNAME Stubenberg, Johann Wilhelm von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Baroque poet and translator
DATE OF BIRTH April 22, 1619
PLACE OF BIRTH Neustadt an der Mettau , Bohemia
DATE OF DEATH March 15, 1663
Place of death Vienna

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