Neu-Schauenburg ruins

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Neu-Schauenburg ruins
Neu-Schauenburg from the south (2010)

Neu-Schauenburg from the south (2010)

Creation time : 12th century (possibly even 11th century)
Castle type : Höhenburg, summit location
Conservation status: Ruin, preserved wall remains
Construction: Stone construction
Place: Frenkendorf
Geographical location 47 ° 30 '2.1 "  N , 7 ° 40' 56.5"  O Coordinates: 47 ° 30 '2.1 "  N , 7 ° 40' 56.5"  E ; CH1903:  618,365  /  261,120
Height: 600  m above sea level M.
Neu-Schauenburg ruins (Canton of Basel-Landschaft)
Neu-Schauenburg ruins

The Neu-Schauenburg ruin is the older of the two Schauenburg castles west of Frenkendorf in the Swiss canton of Basel-Landschaft . The ruin of the summit castle is 600  m above sea level. M. west of Frenkendorf on a rock head in the middle of a cleared plateau in the immediate vicinity of the Schauenburgflue .

investment

The remains of the Neu-Schauenburg that are visible today date from the 13th century. Shards from the middle of the 12th century were also found during construction work. This indicates a previous building that was already inhabited in the 12th century (Meyer suspects even in the 11th century). A faintly visible moat can be assigned to this first castle, which is still visible in the west of the rock head of the Neu-Schauenburg.

The castle is accessed on a ramp from the west around the northern corner of the castle to the gate area on the northeast side. There are small remains of the wall in front of the gate, but they cannot be interpreted. They probably belonged to a kennel or an outer gate. The entire gate area has been heavily modified by modern building measures. The castle's bering follows the irregular edge of the rock head.

Neu-Schauenburg with viewing pavilion (March 2010)

The rock head has two terraces of different heights, which resulted in a two-part use of the area within the ring:

  • The lower, western part was largely occupied by a residential wing attached to the curtain wall.
  • The upper, eastern part probably had a keep . This has, however, been completely replaced by a modern viewing pavilion , during the construction of which the old remains of the wall were completely removed.

history

The construction of the castle can probably be ascribed to an offshoot of the Rheinfelden Truchsessen , who called themselves the Lords of Schauenburg. The family can only be proven from the middle of the 13th century, that is, a century or more after the castle was founded. This system was built to secure the allodial cleared property . By clearing, the nobles were able to earn their own property in the feudal system , but neighbors also liked to keep an eye on it. The Schauenburger Gut remained a property without rights (jurisdiction, etc.). In addition to the castle and the goods belonging to it, the Lords of Schauenburg had also received the village of Füllinsdorf as a fief from the Counts of Frohburg . When they expanded their property to the south-west, the Schauenburgers also built Alt-Schauenburg Castle .

The Neu-Schauenburg was repaired after the Basel earthquake in 1356 , while the Alt-Schauenburg was abandoned. This led to the fact that the system described here received the addition “new” (new = in operation), although it is actually the older of the two castles.

At the end of the 14th century (1385 at the latest) the Schauenburgers died out. The castle first passed - possibly through inheritance - to the knight family Vitztum and then at the beginning of the 15th century to the Truchsessen of Rheinfelden. The latter sold the facility in 1418 to Konrad Sintz, a wealthy Basel citizen. Bad speculation and ostentation led to the ruin of the man, and when he tried to save himself with fraud, he had to flee.

Henman Offenburg bought the castle from the bankruptcy estate in 1428 and had Hans von Falkenstein , the Landgrave of Sisgau , lend him court rights. This may seem astonishing from today's perspective, but giving buses could also be quite an interesting business. These court rights were soon lost again, as Munzach and Liestal could prove that these rights already belonged to them.

After the middle of the 15th century a church brother house was built in the north of the castle (today the Neu-Schauenburg farm). In 1502 the Neu-Schauenburg fell to the Beguines , who meanwhile ran the "sister house". The castle was no longer inhabited and left to decay.

In the following centuries the castle passed through many owners (out of interest in the goods connected with it). First to the Dräss (Drais), who sold it in 1700 to the Liestal town clerk Johann Friedrich Wettstein and his brother-in-law Pastor Johann Heinrich Gernler from Kleinbasel . The property was sold by these two families in 1748 to the Liestal gardener Johannes Gysin, whose family sold it to Daniel Iselin-Weiss in 1792. The latter bequeathed the estate to Achilles Forcaret-Iselin. Later the Neu-Schauenburg appeared in the possession of Mrs. Marie Riggenbach-Burckhardt and HL Miescher-Riggenbach.

literature

  • Werner Meyer : Castles from A to Z - Burgenlexikon der Regio . Published by the Castle Friends of both Basels on the occasion of their 50th anniversary. Klingental printing works, Basel 1981, pp. 111–112.
  • Ernst Stockmeyer: The Schauenburg . Karl Werner printing works, Basel 1946.
  • Carl Roth: The castles and palaces of the cantons of Basel-Stadt and Basel-Landschaft . 2nd part, delivery 4b. Birkhäuser, 1933, p. 97 ff.

Web links

Commons : Ruine Neu-Schauenburg  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files