Fear-stalked blubber
| Fear-stalked blubber | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Russula subterfurcata | ||||||||||||
| Romagn. |
The fear-stalked deaf ( Russula subterfurcata , syn .: Russula galochroa var. Subterfurcata ) is a fungus from the family of deaf relatives . The medium-sized Täubling has a cream-colored, greenish to olive-colored hat. The very rare species is characterized by the sometimes heavily furrowed stems, the dark cream-colored spore powder and the very typical ornamented spores. But it is very difficult and only microscopically distinguishable from similar species.
features
Macroscopic features
The hat is 3.5–12 cm wide, arched when young, later spread out with a funnel-shaped deepened center. It is usually evenly round, but the whole hat can also be split radially almost to the stem. The edge is thick, curled up when young and later blunt. It is smooth and only short and weakly grooved with age. The hat colors range from almond green, through olive or blue-green to mouse gray, usually lighter to almost whitish towards the edge. The hat is rarely colored brown, lavender, violet or purple-brownish. The surface is smooth, matt when dry and shiny when wet. The hat skin is removable up to a third.
The 4–12 mm wide lamellae are initially densely packed, then almost distant. They are often forked, narrow, or run down a bit on the stem. They are initially whitish to ivory in color, then pale ocher in color. Intermediate lamellas are rare or completely absent. The edges are smooth. The lamellae of young fruiting bodies in particular have a slightly spicy taste. The spore powder is dark cream-colored ( IIc-IId according to Romagnesi ).
The white, 2.5–4 cm long and 1–3.2 cm wide stem is cylindrical in shape, often widened below the lamellae and only rarely thickened in the lower third. The stem base is often deformed and sometimes up to half the length of the stem, otherwise only up to a third of the length of the stem. The stems of young fruiting bodies are firm and full and later become pithy. The surface is longitudinally veined. In the course of development, the stalk often turns more or less brownish or gets brownish ocher spots in places.
The white flesh is thick and firm and may turn a little yellow with age. The smell is weak and the taste is always mild. The meat of the hat turns light pink with iron sulfate and gray-green with guaiac . Phenol discolors the meat brown.
Microscopic features
The spores are round, 5.5–8.5 μm long and 5.0–6.5 μm wide and measure on average around 6.6 × 5.5 μm. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width) is 1 , 1–1.2 μm, the volume 104 μm 3 . The spores are ornamented in very different ways, sometimes finely dotted, but also fine-black or with larger warts. These are up to 0.5 μm high and are isolated. Often the finest or even comma-like extensions emanate from them. Sometimes the warts are also briefly connected to one another. The hilar stain cannot be stained with Melzer's reagent. So it's not amyloid. The basidia are club-shaped, 35–50 μm long and 9–10 μm wide and each carry 4 sterigms.
The 45–70 μm long and 8–13 μm wide and few numerous cheilocystides are spindle-shaped, rounded at the tip or appendiculated, that is, provided with a short process. The numerous pleurocystids look similar. They are 40–70 μm long and 10–12 μm wide and, like the cheilocystids, turn gray-black with sulfobenzaldehyde.
The hat skin consists of short-limbed, diverse, mostly short septate and very branched hairs that are 5–10 μm wide. The individual sections are rounded, oval, bulbous, figure-eight-shaped, wavy and bent and, more rarely, cylindrical. The end cells are usually elongated, elongated spindle-shaped, elongated eight-eight-shaped and often tapered towards the tip or, more rarely, widened to form a club. A few, cylindrical or clubbed to spindle-shaped and 3–9 μm wide pileocystids are interspersed between the hairs . They are partially constricted or appended at their tips . They turn gray-black with sulfobenzaldehyde.
Species delimitation
The duck- deafbling ( R. anatina ) can look quite similar to the soft-stalked deafblings and occurs in similar locations. His hat skin is more or less torn open, especially on the edge of the hat. It also has broader hymenial and pileocystides. The other representatives of the Aeruginea group are also very similar, such as the grass-green deaf ( R. aeruginea ), the olive-green deaf ( R. pseudoaeruginea ) and the false female deaf ( R. medullata ).
While the grass-green Täubling only grows in conifers and birch trees, the olive-green Täubling and the false female Täubling also occur in oaks. The false female deafbling differs from the soft-stalked deafblings in that it has larger spores and narrower hat skin hairs, while the olive green deafblings have a much lighter spore powder. Light-capped, bleached copies of the Täubling can also be confused with the pale Täubling ( R. galochroa ).
ecology
The fear-stalked Täubling occurs solitary to gregarious in deciduous forests near beeches and oaks . Occasionally you can find it in parks. It prefers dry to moderately fresh, base-rich soils. The fruiting bodies appear from summer to autumn.
distribution
The fear-stalked Täubling is a very rare, purely European species that is often not differentiated from very similar species.
Systematics
Inquiry systematics
The fear-stalked deaf is placed by M. Bon in the Griseinae subsection , a subsection of the Heterophyllea section . The subsection contains medium to large species with gray, green, purple or olive colored hats. The mildly tasting mushrooms have slightly sharp lamellae, their spore powder is cream-colored to ocher. Within the subsection he is placed in the Aeruginea group.
meaning
The more or less mild-tasting blubber is edible, but due to its rarity it is not an edible mushroom and should not be collected. However, very few mushroom pickers are able to distinguish it from similar species.
literature
- Russula subterfurcata. In: Russula database. CBS Fungal Biodiversity Center, accessed November 25, 2011 .
- H. Romagnesi: Russula subterfurcata. In: Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord (1967). MycoBank, the Fungal website, accessed November 25, 2011 (French).
Individual evidence
- ^ Synonyms of Russula subterfurcata. (No longer available online.) Index Fungorum, archived from the original on March 26, 2016 ; Retrieved November 25, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c d e Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 6: Russulaceae. Milklings, deafblings. Mykologia, Luzern 2005, ISBN 3-85604-060-9 , p. 244.
- ↑ Helmut Pidlich-Aigner: Remarkable Russula finds from Eastern Austria 1 . In: Österreichische Mykologische Gesellschaft, (Hrsg.): Österreichische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde . tape 13 , 2004, pp. 39–53 ( PDF on ZOBODAT [accessed November 23, 2011]).
- ↑ a b Russula subterfurcata. In: Russulales News / muse.it. Retrieved November 25, 2011 (English, original Latin diagnosis).
- ↑ Russula subterfurcata. (PDF (1.4 MB)) Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988). In: The Russulales website w3.uwyo.edu. P. 52 , archived from the original on July 28, 2010 ; Retrieved November 23, 2011 (English, translation by M. Bon's Russula key).
- ^ German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 455.
- ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Russula subterfurcata. Accessed March 1, 2018 (Täubling rare: Vulnerable).
- ^ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Russula subterfurcata. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved June 13, 2012 .
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula subterfurcata. (No longer available online.) In: data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved August 21, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas online: Russula subterfurcata. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved October 8, 2012 .
Web links
- Spore drawing_1 and Spore drawing_2 by Russula subterfurcata after H. Romagnesi, (1967), website of the CBS Fungal Biodiversity Center. Retrieved December 20, 2010.
- Russula subterfurcata. In: Russulales News . Russulales News, accessed November 25, 2011 (nomenclature and original Latin diagnosis).
