Brick-red Täubling
| Brick-red Täubling | ||||||||||||
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Brick red pigeon ( Russula velenovskyi ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Russula velenovskyi | ||||||||||||
| Melzer & Zvára |
The brick-red deaf ( Russula velenovskyi ) is a fungus from the family of the deaf relatives (Russulaceae). It is a relatively small species, which is characterized by a lackluster brick to cherry red hat, which often has a weak hump. Furthermore, its meat tastes mild, is odorless and the spore powder is ocher-colored.
features
Macroscopic features
The hat is brick red to almost bright red like the cherry red Spei-Täubling ( R. emetica ). In the middle it is lightened orange to yellowish. It hardly fades and often has a darker zone in the middle. The cap reaches a diameter of four to eight centimeters. At first it is hemispherical and later flattened; often a hump is also formed. In old age he is depressed. The skin of the hat is greasy in damp weather and matt in dry weather. The surface is rough to radially wrinkled and delicately velvety; With a magnifying glass, velvety dots or scattered bumps can often be seen in the center and near the edge. The skin of the hat is weakly cracked when it is dry; half of it can be pulled off. The edge is blunt and can rarely be ribbed. The consistency is relatively firm.
The lamellae are colored almond white, later they appear buttery yellow to light-colored. They are crowded, forked or shortened. They are bulging on the handle, after all they stand free. The cutting edges are colored red, especially near the edge. The spore powder is lightly colored ( IIIa-IIIb after Romagnesi )
The stem is colored white; sometimes it is tinged pink at the base early. Its surface is often veined. It reaches a length of three to eight and a thickness between one and two centimeters. The consistency is relatively firm and thickly spongy with age. The flesh is white, sometimes with a slightly yellowish tint and often with pink tinges. It usually tastes completely mild, but young specimens can be slightly spicy. In addition, it has no odor, but grated lamellas have an oily-fishy odor, similar to the common white-horned blubber ( R. delica ). With guaiac it quickly turns blue (faster than the apple deafblings ( R. paludosa )), with iron sulphate it turns a little flesh pink and with α-naphthol it quickly turns dark blue.
Microscopic features
The spores are round to elliptical and measure 6.5–9.0 × 5.5–7 µm. The Q value (quotient of length and width) is 1.1-1.4. The spore ornament consists of numerous, mostly isolated, pointed warts, some of which are indistinctly connected by veins and are up to 0.8 µm high.
The club-shaped and four-pore basidia are 35–45 µm long and 10–13 µm wide. The cheilocystids are spindle-shaped and can sometimes have an appendage at the upper end. They measure 30–55 × 5–7 µm, while the similar pleurocystides measure 35–75 × 6–12 µm. All cystides are not very numerous and only stain slightly gray-black in sulfobenzaldehyde.
The cap skin consists of cylindrical, septate and partly branched, 2–3.5 µm wide hairs, often narrowed towards the tip. The long, thin 3.5–6.5 µm wide and often subdivided Pileocystiden , the content of which turns gray-black in sulfobenzaldehyde , are particularly characteristic . Their surface is simultaneously encrusted like droplets and with different densities.
Species delimitation
The apple pigeon ( R. paludosa ) is very similar . This one has more apple or blood red hat colors, a shiny hat skin and a sharp hat edge. In addition, it prefers coniferous forest locations and is often a little larger. Bright red-capped forms can be confused with the cherry red Spei-Täubling ( R. emetica ). This and similar spit pigeons taste hot and have white spore powder. The lamellae always protrude a few millimeters beyond the edge of the hat in the equally mild flesh-red edible deaf ( R. vesca ).
ecology
The brick-red Täubling is found mainly in beech forests with little base . Two different preferences emerge in the soil requirements. On the one hand sandy, loose, moderately dry, humus vines and brown soils and on the other hand clayey, compacted, moist to waterlogged gravel and alluvial soils.
The brick red deaf is a mycorrhizal fungus that lives in symbiosis with deciduous trees such as birch , red beech , hornbeam and oak . The fungus can also be found less frequently under conifers. The fruiting bodies appear between July and October.
distribution
The brick-red blubber is submeridional to subboreal , sometimes also meridional, distributed in the Holarctic , with a suboceanic type. It can be found in North America, West Asia (Israel) and Europe. In Europe, its distribution area extends from Great Britain, the Netherlands and France to the east to Belarus and Russia and to the north to the Hebrides and Fennoscandinavia .
In Germany, the fungus can be found scattered across the board.
Systematics
Inquiry systematics
The brick-red pigeon is placed by Bon in the sub-section Paludosinae , which is within the section Viridantes . The representatives of the subsection have relatively large, robust fruit bodies and taste mild. The hat is usually reddish, orange to yellowish in color. The spore powder is ocher in color. The flesh is invariable, or turns slightly brown or gray.
meaning
The brick-red blubber is edible.
literature
- Edmund Michael, Bruno Hennig, Hanns Kreisel: Handbook for mushroom friends. Volume five: Agaric mushrooms - milk lice and deaf lions. 2nd Edition. Fischer, Stuttgart 1983, ISBN 3-437-30350-3 .
- German Josef Krieglsteiner (Eds.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 6: Russulaceae. Milklings, deafblings. Mykologia, Luzern 2005, ISBN 3-85604-060-9 , p. 248.
- ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev, Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( mycotaxon.com [PDF; 592 kB ]).
- ↑ Z. Tkalcec, A. Mešic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: Families Crepidotaceae, Russulaceae and Strophariaceae . In: Mycotaxon . tape 88 , 2003, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 296 ( cybertruffle.org.uk [accessed August 31, 2011]).
- ^ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Russula velenovskyi. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved June 13, 2012 .
- ^ Melzer & Zvára: Russula velenovskyi: Coral Brittlegill - NBN Atlas. In: species.nbnatlas.org. Retrieved December 21, 2018 .
- ^ German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder, Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg. Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 496.
- ↑ Nahuby.sk - Atlas hub - Russula velenovskyi. In: nahuby.sk. Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
- ↑ Grid map of Russula velenovskyi. In: NBN Gateway / data.nbn.org.uk. Retrieved October 12, 2012 .
- ↑ Russula velenovskyi in the PilzOek database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved August 21, 2011 .
- ^ NMV Verspreidingsatlas online: Russula velenovskyi. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved October 12, 2012 .
- ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved July 22, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Web links
- Russula velenovskyi at RogersMushrooms
- Russula velenovskyi. In: Russulales News. Bart Buyck, accessed on June 2, 2014 (English, photos, nomenclature and original Latin diagnosis).
- Russula velenovskyi. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved on June 2, 2014 (Italian, photos from the Ziegelroten Täubling).
