Multi-colored blubber
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Multi-colored blubber ( Russula versicolor ) |
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| Russula versicolor | ||||||||||||
| Jul.Schäff. |
The multi-colored blubber ( Russula versicolor Syn .: R. blackfordiae ) is a fungus from the family of the blubber relatives . It is a very variable species that belongs to the Puellarinae subsection . The deaf has a sharp taste and its flesh tends to yellow. The hat is colored very variably and often has a ring-like banding in different colors. The colors are mostly between reddish and purple. But there are also yellowish and greenish hues.
features
Macroscopic features
The fragile hat is 5–8 cm wide and soon flattened. It usually has pale pastel-like shades, a mixture of violet, lavender, cloudy purple, flesh red or pale pink. Towards the middle, the hat is often olive, brown or green-yellow. The edge is blunt and only grooved with age. The hat skin is sticky and shiny when wet and can be peeled off at least to the middle.
The lamellae are white, cream-colored when ripe and mottled ocher on the cutting edge. The spore powder is dark cream to light ocher in color ( IId-IIIb according to Romagnesi ).
The stem is 3–6 cm long and 0.5–1.5 cm wide and very fragile. It is white, but more or less yellow with age and then turns yellowish-ocher.
The flesh is also white and later tends to turn a little yellow. Young fruiting bodies tasted slightly pungent after a while in the lamellae. The guaiac reaction is clearly positive, the iron sulfate reaction weak.
Microscopic features
The spores are very variable and unusually narrow for the genus (6–9 × 4–7 µm), with delicate, densely prickly and often zigzag-like connected, 0.4 µm high warts that are hardly network-like. The basidia are 35–37 µm long and have four sterigms . The pleurocystids have a variable tip and can be stained with sulfovanillin. They are 47–60 µm long and 7–9 µm wide, and usually septate. Their walls are thinner than 2 µm.
The cap skin (epicutis) has numerous, slender club-shaped or cylindrical, one to three-fold septate 5-7 µm wide pileocystidia. The tip of the Pileocystiden is usually rounded. The Huthypha contain vacuole pigments but no membrane pigments and are not encrusted . Neither filamentous nor primordial hyphae can be detected.
ecology
The multi-colored pigeon, like all pigeons, is a mycorrhizal fungus that almost exclusively enters into a symbiosis with birch trees . In rare cases, alders can also serve as hosts.
The Täubling can be found together with birch trees in different forest communities. Among others in beech and mixed beech forests, in hornbeam and mixed oak forests, in willow-birch quarries and bog berries-bog birch bog forests, but also in birch groves, birch avenues, pine and spruce forests and parks.
The fungus prefers flat to medium-sized, acidic rather than neutral, drier but also wet soils. These can be weak to strong humus, sandy or clammy. It tolerates a wide variety of soil types such as Ranker , Regosol , Pararendzinen , brown and parabrown soils , occasionally also gley , alluvial clay and peat soils . The fruiting bodies like to appear in clear spots from late June to October. The species occurs from the lowlands to the middle mountain range.
distribution
The Täubling is a predominantly boreal to temperate species. It occurs in North Asia (Caucasus, Russia-Far East), in North America (USA), in North Africa (Morocco) and Europe. It was also found in Greenland. In Europe it is widespread in the south from Spain to Romania, in the west from France via the Benelux countries to the Shetland Islands, in the north as far as Iceland and Lapland and in the east as far as Belarus.
The multi-colored Täubling is widespread in Germany.
Systematics
Inquiry systematics
The multi-colored pigeon is placed within the Tenellae section in the Puellarinae subsection . The representatives of this subsection are relatively small and fragile species. Their fruit bodies tend to yellow, especially on the stem. The taste is mild or slightly sharp. The spore powder is cream-colored to yellow.
Subspecies and varieties
- The hat is 3–5 cm wide, rather fleshy and quickly depressed. It is more monochrome purple to wine red, sometimes almost greenish in the middle, also copper colored when touched. Compared to the type, the hat colors are significantly darker and more purple-violet. The lamellae are more or less distant, are bulbous, dull and first pale yellow, then saffron-ocher. The stalk (3–5 × 0.8–1.5 cm) is almost club-like, soft and white and has a significantly stronger yellow at the base than the type. The meat is as odorless as in the type, but tastes much milder, even if still sharp in young lamellas. The meat turns orange with iron sulfate. The spores have a slightly lower, more pronounced warty spore ornament.
- Russula versicolor var. Pseudopuellaris Bon
- Today it is regarded as a separate species, Russula pseudopuellaris . (1953)
meaning
Because of its pungent taste, the deafbling is considered inedible.
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c d e German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 515 f.
- ↑ a b Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , p. 62 .
- ↑ a b Russula versicolor. (PDF (1.4 MB)) Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988). In: The Russulales website w3.uwyo.edu. Archived from the original on July 28, 2010 ; Retrieved September 21, 2011 (English, translation by M. Bon's Russula key).
- ^ A b Roger Phillips: Russula versicolor. (No longer available online.) In: rogersmushrooms.com. RogersMushrooms website, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; accessed on September 21, 2011 .
- ↑ Belgian Species List 2012 - Russula versicolor. In: species.be. Retrieved June 7, 2012 .
- ↑ Torbjørn Borgen, Steen A. Elborne, Henning Knudsen: Arctic and Alpine Mycology . Ed .: David Boertmann, Henning Knudsen. tape 6 , 2006, ISBN 978-87-635-1277-0 , A checklist of the Greenland basidiomycetes, p. 37-59 (Museum Tusculanum Press, page 56).
- ^ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Russula versicolor. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved June 13, 2012 .
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula versicolor. (No longer available online.) In: data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on December 9, 2015 ; Retrieved August 21, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Russula versicolor in the PilzOek database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved August 21, 2011 .
- ^ NMV Verspreidingsatlas online: Russula versicolor. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved October 12, 2012 .
- ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved October 12, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Web links
- Russula versicolor. In: Russulales News / mtsn.tn.it. Retrieved September 22, 2011 (English, photos and original Latin diagnosis).
- H. Romagnesi: Russula versicolor. Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord. In: mycobank.org. Mycobank The Fungal website, 1967, accessed September 22, 2011 (French).
- Russula versicolor. In: Partial Russula species database of the CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Center . Retrieved on June 2, 2014 (English, spore drawing and tabular listing of the macro and microscopic features (based on H. Romagnesis "Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord" )).
- Karin Montag: The multi-colored blubber (Russula versicolor) in the virtual mushroom book. In: Tintling.com . Retrieved June 1, 2014 .
