Sadhora
| Sadhora | |||
| Садгора | |||
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| Basic data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Oblast : | Chernivtsi Oblast | ||
| Rajon : | Sadhora district | ||
| Height : | no information | ||
| Area : | Information is missing | ||
| Residents : | 28,227 (2004 <) | ||
| Postcodes : | 58025 | ||
| Area code : | +380 372 | ||
| Geographic location : | 48 ° 21 ' N , 25 ° 58' E | ||
| KOATUU : | 7310136900 | ||
| Administrative structure : | 1 district | ||
| Mayor : | Jurij Bureha | ||
| Address: | вул. Івана Підкови 2 58025 м. Чернівці |
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Sadhora ( Ukrainian Садгора , German Sadagora , Romanian Sadagura , Yiddish סאדיגורא Sadigora , Russian Садгора Sadgora ) is a MICRODISTRICT of Chernivtsi in Ukraine . It is located eight kilometers northeast of the city center of Chernivtsi on the left side of the Pruth .
history
Sadagora was created in 1770 during the Russo-Turkish War .
coin
The Danish officer Peter Nicholas of Gartenberg built by order of Catherine II. In Moldavia a coin for the production of for disbursement of the team olds of the Russian Imperial Army required fractional coins .
Gartenberg acquired a piece of primeval forest on the Tarnawabach east of the village of Rohisna (Рогізна), which was cleared within a short time. A housing estate was built around the mint for the employees, in which craftsmen and Jewish traders were soon allowed to settle. The place was named Sadagora - the Russian translation for garden mountain. Formally, the coin was under the sovereignty of the Tsarina, but Gartenberg enjoyed almost unlimited freedom with regard to minting, whereby the monetary value of the coins he produced from captured Turkish war material was set at a maximum of 2 million rubles . The coins were Sadohora with the mint mark S in.
In the four years of the coin were in Sadagora with acquiescence by Field Marshal Rumyantsev Sadunaiski coins minted in values of 3 million rubles, which in Bessarabia and Bukovina were widespread and increasingly fell into disrepute because of their inferior quality.
After the end of the war, the mint had fulfilled its purpose and was shut down in April 1774 and the mint was dissolved.
Austria
In 1774 Sadogora had 104 inhabitants. On August 31, 1774 the Austrians occupied the Principality of Moldova and Sadagora belonged to Austria as part of Bukovina until 1918 . After the mint was discontinued, Sadagora was granted a six-year tax exemption. Between 1782 and 1789 the Jews were expelled from the city.
Rabbinical court
After his release from Kiev prison, Rabbi Israel Friedmann settled in Sadagora in 1842. He had led a splendid life in Russia and thus came into conflict with the Hasidim from Zans (Yiddish for Nowy Sacz ). Their rabbi Chaim Halberstam was characterized by a modest lifestyle. In the years that followed, many Hasidic Jews from Galicia came to Sadagora with their tzaddik . The place turned into a Stetl . Friedmann resided in a palace. Before his death in 1850, he ordered the construction of a new synagogue (also called Neue Klois or Rebbes Klois ) with 1,000 seats. In total, the property consisted of four buildings: the Old Klois , the New Klois (Hasidic Synagogue) , the Zaddick's building and the Great Assembly Hall . Today only the Neue Klois and the Zaddick 's building remain. In 1880 there were 3,888 people in Sadagora, more than 80% of them Jews. Sadagora was an important center of Hasidism .
Romania and Soviet Union
After the collapse of the Danube Monarchy , Sadagora became part of Romania . In June 1940 it came to the Soviet Union as part of northern Bukovina . In the spring of 1941, persecution of the Jews began and numerous residents were deported to Siberia . After Romania recaptured the city, the targeted extermination of the Jews of Sadagora began. On July 7, 1941, 73 Jews were shot in the forest. In August, all Jewish residents were exiled to Transnistria (Romanian occupied territory) . The number of inhabitants decreased to 654 in 1941.
When Sadagora returned to the Soviet Union after the end of World War II, there were only five families left in the city. The surviving Jews who returned from Transnistria had to settle in Chernivtsi and soon emigrated. Rabbi Jekusiel Jehuda Halberstam moved to Israel and founded a new "Zanser" farm.
today
In the second half of the 20th century, incorporated into Chernivtsi, Sadagora lost all importance. The Jewish cemetery and, in addition to the Great Synagogue, other Jewish places of worship in neglected condition have been preserved. Friedmann's rabbinical court is in ruins. Rabbi Friedmann's grave became a place of pilgrimage for Hasidic Jews again after the end of communism. The Hasidic Synagogue was reopened in autumn 2016 after extensive restoration. In the 1980s, construction of a radio equipment factory began in Sadagora, which after the dissolution of the Soviet Union turned into a ruined investment.
Place of pilgrimage
Sadagora was also a Catholic pilgrimage site . The St. Michael's Festival was celebrated here every year on September 29th.
literature
- Ben Saar (Rubinstein): The Jewish Vatican in Sadagora 1850–1950. Volume I: Career and heyday 1850–1914. Historical notes, humoresques and songs. Olameinu Publishing House, Tel Aviv ca.1955 , DNB 940301946 .
- Ben Saar (Rubinstein): The Jewish Vatican in Sadagora 1850–1950. Volume II: On the ruins of the Vatican 1914–1950. Invasion calendars, humoresques, songs. Olameinu Publishing House, Tel Aviv, 1958, DNB 940302551 .
- Sadgora , in Encyclopaedia Judaica , 1971, pp. 623-624.
- Gerhard Lange: In the end man created ..., a novel about Sadhora. Tandem, Salzburg Vienna 2010. ISBN 978-3-902606-40-2 .
Web links
- The former Russian mint in Sadagora
- Jewish life in Sadhora
- Sadhora today
- Emisiuni monetare Sadagura website for the coin with numerous images (rum.)
Individual evidence
- ^ Wiener Zeitung : In the aristocratic castle of the Wunderrabbis , March 24, 2000 (accessed November 6, 2013)
- ↑ http://cja.huji.ac.il/browser.php?mode=set&id=10438 Building in the Rebbe's yard. Retrieved February 3, 2019.
- ↑ Gil Yaron: The Haredim ( Memento December 12, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ https://jewish-heritage-europe.eu/2016/11/06/synagogue-in-sadhora-ukraine-rededicated/ Opening of the restored synagogue. Retrieved February 3, 2013