Samson Schmalkalder

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Map of Heilbronn and the surrounding area, around 1690

Samson Schmalkalder (* 1662 or 1667 in Diemeringen ; † in the 18th century) was an engineer officer and cartographer in the troops of the Swabian Empire .

Life

Schmalkalder studied in Strasbourg from 1682 to 1684 , where he was matriculated as Studiosus Samson Schmalcalder, Dimringensis . He later became quartermaster of the Swabian district regiment Durlach , around 1690 he served as an officer and topographer under Lieutenant General Field Marshal Margrave Karl Gustav von Baden-Durlach . In a document from 1734 he describes himself as adjutant general . His estate is in the Baden State Library .

Works

Numerous drawings by Schmalkalder from various theaters of war have been preserved. He collected them in two sketchbooks, which he dedicated to his employer, Karl Gustav von Baden-Durlach. Today they are kept in the General State Archives in Karlsruhe . Six signed original plans exist from the campaign in Hungary in 1688. During the Palatinate War of Succession , Schmalkalder produced over 135 plans and views of fortifications and camps between 1689 and 1691. Many of them show the places on the German side of the Upper Rhine immediately before their destruction by French troops in 1689, for example the city of Bruchsal and the Mühlburg Castle, which was not rebuilt and has now completely disappeared . The war diary of Margrave Ludwig Wilhelm von Baden-Baden 1693–1696 also contains maps drawn by Schmalkalder. The focus of the often sketchy and summarily simplified representation is on the militarily significant troop positions and fortifications.

On July 13, 1697, Thomas Lefèbvre wrote a letter to Friedrich Magnus , saying that Schmalkalder had a town plan that was to be used for the reconstruction of Durlach Castle , "to spend on his work and present your Dhl", but this plan was wrong. It may have been a floor plan from 1690.

  • Bruchsal before being destroyed in 1689

  • Gernsbach fortifications, 1689. The buildings within the city walls are not shown.

  • Schwetzingen Castle after its destruction in 1689, detail

  • Durlach and surroundings after the fire, around 1690, detail with military units to the right of the town

  • Klingenberg , Horkheim and Sontheim near Heilbronn, around 1690

literature

Aloys Schulte : A sketchbook from the unlucky year 1689. In: Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine , Volume IV., Freiburg i. B. 1889, pp. 384–391 ( digitized version )

Web links

Commons : Samson Schmalkalder  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b List of bequests and partial bequests in the Badische Landesbibliothek ( Memento of the original dated February 6, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed February 6, 2016 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.blb-karlsruhe.de
  2. ↑ a b Walther-Gerd Fleck: Die Württembergischen Herzogschlösser der Renaissance , Volume 1, (Publications of the German Castle Association, Series A, Volume 8). Braubach 2003, ISBN 3-927558-19-2 . P. 24 (note 77)
  3. ↑ cf. Alfred Holder: The manuscripts of the Badische Landesbibliothek in Karlsruhe , Vol. 3: The Durlacher and Rastatter manuscripts , p. 40
  4. ↑ cf. Alfred Holder: The manuscripts of the Baden State Library in Karlsruhe , Vol. 3: The Durlacher and Rastatt manuscripts , pages 25 / 26
  5. ↑ Inventory of the hand-drawn maps and plans of the European war history of the 16th-19th centuries Century in the General State Archive Karlsruhe. Edited by Alfons Schäfer with the participation of Helmut Weber (publications by the State Archives Administration of Baden-Württemberg 25). Stuttgart 1971. XXXVIII. ISBN 3-17-070145-2 .
  6. ↑ View of Bruchsal in the picture index
  7. ↑ Drawing of the Mühlburg Castle in the picture index
  8. ^ Alfons Schäfer: Historical map collections in archives. In: Blätter für deutsche Landesgeschichte , Volume 105, 1969, p. 81.
  9. ↑ quoted from Hans Rott, Kunst und Künstler am Baden-Durlacher Hof up to the founding of Karlsruhe , Karlsruhe 1917, p. 147
  10. ↑ cf. A. Schiller, founding cities in the Baden Rhine Valley , Diss. Karlsruhe 1958, Fig. 13, quoted in: Caspar Ehlers et al., Die deutscher Königspfalzen. Repertory of the Palatinate, royal courts and other whereabouts of kings in the German Middle Ages , Volume 3, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 2004, ISBN 978-3-525-36520-5 , p. 94
personal data
SURNAME Schmalkalder, Samson
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schmalcalder, Samson
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Engineer officer and cartographer in the troops of the Swabian Empire
DATE OF BIRTH 1662
DATE OF DEATH 18th century