San Salvatore delle Coppelle
| Basic data | |
|---|---|
| Patronage : | Jesus Christ |
| Consecration day : | First known November 26, 1195 |
| Address: | Piazza delle Coppelle, 72 00186 Roma |
San Salvatore delle Coppelle ( Latin : Sancti Salvatoris de Cuppellis ), inconsistent in Rome, but often also San Salvatore alle Coppelle is a church in Rome . Its basic structure comes from the 12th century, but was almost completely baroque in the 18th century. Today it is the church of the Roman community of the Romanian Greek Catholic Church and at the same time the national church of Romania in Rome.
Location and naming
The church is located in the 8th Roman Rione Sant'Eustachio , about 250 meters east of the northern end of Piazza Navona . Your name comes from an additional designation for Jesus Christ as Salvator mundi ("Savior of the world"). Its original name was probably San Salvator de Sere , so it appears in various papal documents from the late 12th century, for the first time under Pope Lucius III. As de Cuppellis it is first mentioned in 1222 in a document from Pope Honorius III. designated. Delle or alle Coppelle refers to the district of bowl and bowl makers located here in the earlier centuries. The church was also listed as San Salvatore della Pietà , which is based on a 16th century misjudgment of an ancient building that was supposedly located here.
History and building history
An inscription, which was lost but copied in 1574, provides information about a possible donor of the church named Abbasia. The inscription was created either in the 12th or in the first half of the 13th century. In 1406 the church was assigned to a number of brotherhoods by Pope Innocent VII . Two of the brotherhoods left already ten years later and founded their own churches, including the brotherhood of the Orefici , i.e. the gold and silversmiths, their church later became Sant'Eligio degli Orefici . From 1663 the church was the seat of an early charitable institution, the Association of Sagramento e della Perseveranza . She also helped sick people from abroad, provided food for them and, in the event of death, a funeral. In 1782 the church was completely redesigned in Baroque style and changed considerably. The pillars on which the high walls of the central nave rested were replaced by pillars. The columns were used for the Palazzo Doria-Pamphilj . From 1858 to 1860 the church was "restored" with the result that almost all of the old works of art in it were destroyed, in particular two paintings that may even have come from the early days of the church in the 12th century.
Facade and campanile
The basic structure of the facade has one storey and is designed with three axes. The surface is structured by pilasters with capitals of the Ionic order with festoons . Small portals and round windows above are inserted into the outer travées . The central axis contains the main portal with an architrave . The simple triangular gable rises above the simple cornice. A pedestal with a cross closes the facade at the top.
The left outer side of the outside facade of the church still contains an inscription, it refers to the work of the Associazione : " ANNO IVBILEI MDCCL / VI DEVONO METTERE I VIGLIETTI / TVTTI GLI OSTI ALBERGATORI / LOCANDIERI ED ALTRI PER DARE / NOTIZIA DE FORESTIERI CHE SI / INFERMARO NELLE LORE CASE / ALLA VENERAB. CONFERATIA DELLA / DIVINA PERSEVERANZA CON AVTORITA APOSTOLICA FRETTA / A TENORE ALL'VLTIMO EDITTO / DELL'EMMO VICARIO EMANATO IL / DI XVII DECEMBRE MDCCXLIX ”. Buchowiecki sees it as a "valuable document of astonishingly early devised charitable foreign care".
The campanile on the right side of the church dates back to Roman times. Four floors are still preserved. The original triforias , typical of Romanesque buildings, are largely walled up. Except for the top one, the floors are separated from each other by cornices with serrated friezes .
Interior and design
The church in its present form has three aisles as a pillar basilica . With five bays, the side aisles are one shorter than the central nave. The current pillars instead of the columns have capitals according to the Tuscan order . The church is covered in the central nave by a barrel vault with stitch caps . The elements applied to the vault, such as B. rosettes and other ornaments are not made of stucco , but painted, they simulate the stucco. The upper cladding contains the windows, they are designed like segmental arches at the top . Only the four windows on the right-hand side allow full light, only one window on the left also lets sunlight into the church. The side aisles - with the exception of the third yoke of the left aisle - are spanned by groin vaults, the belts run out to the inside of the outer walls in pilasters, also according to the Tuscan order.
In accordance with the rite of the church, the choir is separated from the rest of the central nave by an iconostasis ; it is a modern work from the 1920s.
The apse of the central nave, which is rounded in contrast to the flat apses of the side aisles, contains the baroque painting half-length of Christ .
In the foremost yoke of the first side chapel on the right there are remains of frescoes from the 15th century depicting the death of Mary ; they were later changed significantly by painting over them.
The aforementioned third yoke of the left aisle is completely different from the other yokes of the church. A small dome rises above it, it is designed according to the structural conditions slightly transversely oval. The dome does not contain a lantern, but a stucco rosette above the four belts dividing the dome. The reason for the special design is that the grave of Cardinal Giorgio Spinola , who died in 1739, is located here ; it rests in a trapezoidal sarcophagus . A marble angel figure adorns the tomb as well as various putti , individually or together they hold a picture of the deceased clergyman as well as his coat of arms and an image of his cardinal's hat .
The first chapel of the left aisle still contains a monument to Pope Leo XII. from 1839.
literature
- Walter Buchowiecki: Handbook of the Churches of Rome . 3rd volume, Brothers Hollinek publishing house, Vienna 1974.
- Mariano Armellini: Le Chiese di Roma . Roma 1891.
- Christian Hülsen : Le Chiese di Roma nel Medio Evo . Firenze 1927.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Buchowiecki: Handbuch der Kirchen Roms , S. 810, here follows the assumption of sleeves.
- ↑ Buchowiecki: Handbook of the Churches of Rome , p. 810.
- ↑ a b c d Buchowiecki: Handbook of the Churches of Rome , p. 811.
- ↑ a b c d Buchowiecki: Handbook of the Churches of Rome , p. 812.
- ↑ Buchowiecki: Handbook of the Churches of Rome , p. 813.
Coordinates: 41 ° 54 ′ 2.3 ″ N , 12 ° 28 ′ 33.8 ″ E