sandwich
A sandwich (debate German [ sɛntvɪt͡ʃ ] English [ San (d) wɪd͡ʒ is]) an originally English , now internationally popular snack . It consists of two or more thin slices of bread, between which there is any tasty topping such as cold roast , ham , tuna , cheese , egg , cucumber or tomato slices , also combined. For classic sandwiches, unroasted toast without crust is usually used, the topped slices are cut diagonally into triangles.
preparation
To prepare classic sandwiches, thin, large slices of white bread are first buttered, topped with roast, ham, fish, liver cream or the like, supplemented with mustard , horseradish , mayonnaise , ketchup , sandwich spread (a kind of tartar sauce ) or the like, possibly with leaves of Lettuce , tomato or cucumber slices and covered with a second slice of buttered bread. Then the sandwiches are pressed together a little, the edges cut off and everything is cut diagonally once or twice. With a suitable combination of the ingredients, all parts stick together so that the sandwich can be easily eaten out of hand.
history
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Probably the sandwich to was John Montagu, the fourth Earl of Sandwich , a British statesman and supposedly passionate card player named who according to tradition after 1762 during an hour-long Cribbage found -Spiels no time to eat. Montagu then had the food put in two slices of bread, whereupon a teammate also asked for "bread like sandwiches". In 1765 a biographer, Montagus, rejected this account, stating that it was much more likely that he invented the sandwich in order not to have to interrupt his work at his desk. The original sandwich was simply a slice of salted beef between two slices of toast.
In English literature sandwiches are mentioned from around 1760, initially as a snack at evening men's parties. It was not until the end of the 18th century that the sandwich was regarded as an appropriate snack for women and was offered at dance balls. Charlotte Mason published one of the first recipes in a cookbook: “Put some very thin slices of beef between thin slices of bread and butter. [...] Veal and ham cut thin may be served in the same manner. " ("Put a few very thin slices of beef between two slices of bread with butter. [...] Thinly sliced veal and boiled ham can be served in the same way.") These simple sandwiches were very different from the upper nobility, where the filling was very different Was much larger and often included lettuce leaves and a sauce.
In the 19th century the sandwich became a popular snack, especially with tea (see British tea culture ). In addition, it was always part of a typical English picnic and was considered the ideal food for train travel. It is still often offered in catering on trains and airplanes. In response to the abstinence movement in England, eateries began serving free sandwiches with alcoholic beverages to attract customers. One variant is the American club sandwich , which was offered to members in private clubs as a snack.
In addition to the traditional variants, lavishly filled rolls or large baguette breads are now often offered as sandwiches, although they have little in common with the actual sandwiches. Because of their elongated shape, such filled baguettes are also called submarine sandwiches or submarine sandwiches . They are often offered by specialized fast food chains such as Pret a Manger , Jimmy John's or Subway . A variant named after the novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald Gatsby is popular in South Africa and is filled with french fries , masala sauce and meat, sausage or fish.
Traditional variants
Even if sandwiches can be topped however you want and taste, there are some established combinations of ingredients.
United Kingdom
One of the best-known and easiest sandwiches is the English cucumber sandwich with salted butter, thin strips of cucumber and some salt and possibly sugar, which is traditionally served with afternoon tea. The chicken sandwich is topped with thin slices of fried or boiled chicken breast, the Bookmaker Sandwich with thin slices of roasted steaks or roast beef , mustard and horseradish, the Lucullus sandwich with truffled foie gras flavored with Madeira . The sandwich restaurant with ham, roasted beef fillet, salted tongue and pickled anchovies is particularly sumptuous . A toast sandwich consists of a toasted slice of white bread between two buttered slices of bread that are only seasoned with salt and pepper. On the 150th anniversary of the publication in November 2011 of Mrs. Beeton's Book of Household Management by British cookery author Isabella Beeton , who had already described this sandwich there, the Royal Society of Chemistry named it the cheapest lunch at 7.5 pence each Britain's and advertised £ 200 for an even cheaper recipe.
United States
The American BLT sandwich is topped with "Bacon, Lettuce and Tomato" ( breakfast bacon , lettuce and tomatoes) and was first described in 1929 in the book Seven Hundred Sandwiches by Florence A. Cowles as a bacon sandwich , in which the other variants bacon Salad Sandwich and Baconian Sandwich are mentioned. In the United States, other, now classic, variants emerged such as the club sandwich made from toasted toast bread with chicken breast, fried bacon, lettuce and mayonnaise, the Reuben sandwich with corned beef , Emmentaler and sauerkraut, or the pastrami sandwich with pastrami , a type of cured beef ham. The muffuletta with salami , ham , mortadella , mozzarella , provolone and marinated olive salad comes from New Orleans . In the United States, hamburgers and hot dogs are also known as sandwiches.
Continental Europe
In Italy, variants of the sandwich as tramezzini are popular, with toppings typical of the country and often toasted whole, especially if the topping contains cheese; there is a sandwich toaster for that . The toasted tramezzini are similar to the baked croques from France with ham and cheese .
Web links
- 250 years of sandwich: a toast to the cucumber! , Article by Michael Juhran in Spiegel Online , April 25, 2012
Footnotes
- ^ History of Sandwiches
- ↑ Presentation on sandwich-sonsbeck.de (Sonsbeck is twin town of Sandwich)
- ↑ sandwich. In: Solomon H. Katz (Ed.): Encyclopedia of food and culture. Volume 3: Obesity to Zoroastrianism, Index. Scribner et al., New York NY et al. 2003, ISBN 0-684-80567-7 .
- ↑ Toast sandwich is UK's 'cheapest meal' , November 16, 2011, BBC News