Sant'Ignazio (Rome)
Sant'Ignazio di Loyola in Campo Marzio ( Latin: Sancti Ignatii de Loyola in Campo Martio ) ("St. Ignatius of Loyola on the Martian"), or Sant'Ignazio for short , is a church in Rome and titled deaconry of the Roman Catholic Church . The church, consecrated to St. Ignatius of Loyola , is next to Il Gesù the second large Jesuit church in Rome and the burial place of three saints and a Pope . The church is known for its outstanding perspective frescoes .
location
The church is located in the IX. Roman Rione Pigna , about 250 meters east of the Pantheon . The part of the name Campo Marzio does not refer to today's Rione Campo Marzio , but to the ancient Campus Martius .
The church, which forms a building complex with the Palazzo del Collegio Romano , is located in the Piazza di Sant'Ignazio di Loyola of the same name . This very impressive square, which is reminiscent of a theater setting , is a Rococo ensemble by Filippo Raguzzini from the 18th century.
architecture
As a result of the canonization of St. Ignatius of Loyola in 1622, Cardinal Ludovico Ludovisi asked for building proposals for a church for the new saint, a. a. also from Domenichino . From 1626 the church was built according to plans by the Jesuit and mathematician Orazio Grassi and opened to the public for the first time in the Holy Year 1650.
The building is designed as a single-nave cross with a crossing dome and with a room length of over 80 meters and a width of 43 meters one of the largest churches in Rome. The nave opens on both sides in wide arches to three side chapels , which are separated from each other on the nave wall by pillars with double pilasters . A barrel vault with stitch caps rises above the surrounding entablature in the nave and choir . A dome planned by Grassi was never implemented.
The side chapels of the nave are linked by very wide arches that almost give the impression of continuous side aisles. In addition to these six side chapels, there are two other chapels next to the choir.
The basilica façade with a crowning triangular gable and volutes rising above the basement is typical of the Baroque era . The two floors are separated by an entablature and both have a Corinthian column order . The main portal is flanked by columns that support a segmented gable . Both side portals sit between double pilasters. In the central axis of the upper floor is a round arched window flanked by columns, to the left and right of it are blind niches, which in turn are delimited by pilasters.
Furnishing
Frescoes
The church of Sant'Ignazio is particularly known for the frescoes by Andrea Pozzo , a painter and Jesuit friar. As a master of perspective architecture, he was appointed to remedy the lack of an actually built dome through illusionistic painting. The resounding success of the dome painting, after its completion in 1685, led to Pozzo being commissioned to fresco the entire vault. Pozzo did this job until 1694, when he emerged as the designer of the monumental altars in the transept.
The theme of the huge fresco above the nave is the apotheosis of St. Ignatius . Through the perspective composition, the architecture appears to be continued in the painting; through the pseudo-architecture and floating groups, the view of the ceiling opens up into the “infinite”. The saint ascends to heaven above the four continents known at the time. The fresco is considered to be one of the “boldest works of illusionistic painting”. In the floor of the church, a marble disc marks the focal point of the perspective, from which the pseudo-architecture of the painting unfolds in an optically correct manner. The ceiling fresco shows striking similarities with the ceiling painting Apotheosis of St. Pantaleon in the church of San Pantalon in Venice , which the painter Giovanni Antonio Fumiani created almost at the same time (1680 to 1704).
The frescoes in the apse depict scenes from the life of St. Ignatius .
Grave and altar of St. Aloisius
In the right arm of the transept is the grave of the Jesuit Aloisius von Gonzaga, who died young in 1591 and canonized in 1726 . The precious altar was also designed by Pozzo. The huge altar relief by Pierre Le Gros represents the apotheosis of St. Aloisius and is completed in the extremely short time from 1697 to 1699.
Monumental altar of St. Aloisius of Pozzo with the relief by Le Gros
Sarcophagus of St. Aloisius; the marble putti on the side are also from Le Gros
Tomb of St. Jan Berchmans
The body of the Jesuit saint Jan Berchmans was buried in the left arm of the transept in 1873. His heart is venerated in Leuven in the Jesuit church there. The relief in this chapel is by Filippo della Valle and represents the Annunciation .
Sarcophagus of St. Jan Berchmans
Annunciation
by Filippo della Valle
Cappella Ludovisi
The splendid double tomb of Pope Gregory XV is located in the right side chapel of the choir . and his nephew Cardinal Ludovico Ludovisi . The Latin inscription "ALTER IGNATIUM ARIS. ALTER ARAS IGNATIO" on the statue base explains the existence of the tomb in this special place and indicates that Pope Ignatius canonized and the cardinal built this church to the saint. The grave monument was also designed by Pierre Le Gros around 1709-14 and was largely created in his own workshop; however, the two floating famae by Pierre-Étienne Monnot were executed according to the specifications of Le Gros.
Tomb of St. Cardinal Roberto Bellarmino
The Jesuit and Cardinal Roberto Bellarmino is also buried in the church . He died in 1621 and was initially buried in the church of Il Gesù . After his beatification in 1923, he was reburied in the church. Pope Pius XI canonized him in 1930 . He rests in a glass reliquary.
Reliquary of St. Cardinal Bellarmino
organ
The organ was built in 1935 by the organ building company Tamburini (Crema) and renovated and expanded in 2009 by OSL snc di Fabrizio Ori Saitta & Luigi Lombardo (new typesetting system). The instrument has 53 stops on three manuals and a pedal .
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- Manual and pedal couplings : III-I, I-II, III-II, I-III, IP, II-P, III-P
- Octave coupling : II, III-I I-II, II-II, III-II, III-III, PP
- Sub-octave coupling : II, III-I, I-II, III-II, III-III
- Playing aids: typesetting system, sequencer forwards and backwards, tutti, register crescendo as a balance step, swell steps for I. and III. Manual, individual stops for the reeds, coupling as rocker switches, push buttons and pistons in interaction, piano pedal, switch manual assignment I and II.
Cardinal deacons
Previous cardinal deacons are:
- Paolo Dezza (1991-1998)
- Roberto Tucci (2001-2015)
- Luis Ladaria (since 2018)
literature
- Cinzia Sebastiani Zoli, Sant'Ignazio di Loyola in Campo Marzio. Storia, arti e rilievo della Chiesa della Compagnia di Gesù , Rome 2019.
- Johann M. Wiesel: Rome. An art and travel guide. 4th edition, Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1966.
- Manfred Wundram (Ed.): Reclams Art Guide, Italy. Volume V. Rome and Latium. Reclam, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-15-008679-5 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Chiesa di Sant'Ignazio - Roma, trilingual brochure (it / en / de), published after 1967.
- ↑ a b Gerhard Bissell, Pierre Le Gros 1666-1719 , Si Vede, Reading 1997, ISBN 0-9529925-0-7 .
- ^ Daniel Büchel, Arne Karsten, Philipp Zitzlsperger, With art out of the crisis? Pierre Legros' tomb for Pope Gregory XV. Ludovisi in the Roman Church of S. Ignazio , in: Marburger Jahrbuch für Kunstwissenschaft, Vol. 29, 2002, pp. 165–197.
- ^ The organ in the Basilica of St. Ignatius of Loyola . http://www.amicimusicasacra.com . Accessed February 4, 2018.
- ↑ Brogi, Paolo (November 22, 2009). Torna a suonare l'antico organo a Sant'Ignazio: con l'integrale di Bach (in Italian) . Accessed February 4, 2018.
Coordinates: 41 ° 53 ′ 56.5 " N , 12 ° 28 ′ 47.3" E