Whinchat
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Whinchat ( Saxicola rubetra ) male |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Saxicola rubetra | ||||||||||||
| ( Linnaeus , 1758) |
The whinchat ( Saxicola rubetra ) is a songbird from the genus of the meadow treacher ( Saxicola ) and the flycatcher family (Muscicapidae). In the Red List of Germany's breeding birds from 2015, the species is listed in Category 2 as critically endangered.
description
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The whinchat is about 13 to 14 centimeters tall and weighs about 15 to 20 grams. The top is brown, patterned black and the belly is colored whitish. The throat and chest are orange-yellow in color. A whinchat can live up to eight years. The male has a white over-eye stripe and a white chin stripe. The area between the two strips is black. Its call sounds like “jü teck” and serves to attract females and to mark its territory . The whinchat likes to sit on high posts and stalks when singing and hunting for prey.
distribution and habitat
From April to September the long-distance migrant is widespread in almost all of Europe . This breeding bird has its winter quarters south of the Sahara in Africa .
As a habitat, the whinchat prefers open, fresh to moist areas with not too high a density of trees and hedge. A layer of herbs and / or dwarf shrubs is needed to create a nest. For foraging, it needs places with low and gaps in vegetation, which also have attachment points such as bulky herb stalks, reed stalks, tall perennials, fences, stakes or individual woody plants.
nutrition
The whinchat feeds mainly on insects , worms , snails , spiders and berries .
Reproduction
Sexual maturity occurs after a year. The breeding season is May to August. The nest is hidden in the tall grass in a hollow in the ground. The female lays four to seven blue-green eggs . The eggs are incubated by the female for 12 to 15 days. The young birds leave the nest after 12 to 13 days, they fledge 3 to 4 days later.
Existence and endangerment
The population in Germany was given as 37,000 to 90,000 breeding pairs for the period from 1995 to 1999, but only with 29,000 to 52,000 breeding pairs for the period from 2008 to 2012 (average decrease by 36%).
The decline in Austria is even stronger and faster at 46%: the populations fell from 3,500 to 7,000 breeding pairs (1998 to 2002) to 2,200 to 3,500 breeding pairs (2008 to 2012).
Intensive use of grassland deprives the ground-nesters of their food sources and their habitat and drives them off the cultivated meadow areas. Free-roaming dogs disrupt the birds' breeding business, and the young are easy prey for domestic cats.
Others
The whinchat was bird of the year 1987.
literature
- Anita Bastian, Hans-Valentin Bastian: The whinchat. Victim of the cleared cultural landscape. Aula, Wiesbaden 1996, ISBN 3-89104-554-9 .
Web links
- Whinchat at www.naturfotografie-digital.de
- Saxicola rubetra in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2008. Posted by: BirdLife International, 2008. Accessed on December 18 of 2008.
- Videos, photos and sound recordings of Saxicola rubetra in the Internet Bird Collection
- Swiss Ornithological Institute Sempach: Whinchat
- Inventory decline in the Whinchat Saxicola rubetra in Switzerland, possible causes and evaluation of support measures
- Age and gender characteristics (PDF; 4.5 MB) by Javier Blasco-Zumeta and Gerd-Michael Heinze (English)
- Whinchat feathers
Individual evidence
- ↑ Christoph Grüneberg, Hans-Günther Bauer, Heiko Haupt, Ommo Hüppop, Torsten Ryslavy, Peter Südbeck: Red List of Germany's Breeding Birds , 5 version . In: German Council for Bird Protection (Hrsg.): Reports on bird protection . tape 52 , November 30, 2015.
- ↑ Martin Flade: The breeding bird communities of Central and Northern Germany. IHW-Verlag, Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-930167-00-X , p. 544.
- ↑ http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/BirdsInEuropeII/BiE2004Sp6678.pdf
- ↑ Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, report according to Article 12 of the Birds Directive to the EU Commission.
- ↑ http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/BirdsInEuropeII/BiE2004Sp6678.pdf
- ↑ Federal Environment Agency, report according to Article 12 of the Birds Directive to the EU Commission.
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