Schöneberger Südgelände
The Schöneberger Südgelände is an area in the south of the Berlin district of Schöneberg between the routes of the Wannseebahn and the Berlin – Dresden railway line in the east and west, the Sachsendamm in the north and the district boundary to Steglitz in the south.
Since the beginning of the 20th century, there have been various master plans for the area, which mainly belongs to the city of Berlin, which envisaged the construction of either large housing estates or large railway systems. The importance of the green areas on the southern area, the resistance of the allotment gardeners based there and two world wars have always prevented or weakened the plans.
At the beginning of the 20th century, almost 8,000 allotment garden plots were created there. These were decimated in the following decades for various urban development projects. Today there is the largest allotment garden in Berlin with around 2500 parcels, the Natur-Park Südgelände , the Hans-Baluschek-Park , the Insulaner , the Schöneberg motorway junction , the route of the Berlin – Dresden railway line , some sports fields and some other uses.
history
Priest path
The Priesterweg existed since the 17th century at the latest as a connection between the Schöneberg village church and its branch church in Lankwitz and was used by the priests. It changed its route several times, but always went from today's Sachsendamm to the south through today's southern area.
Foundation of the allotment gardens and first apartment planning
Until the end of the 19th century, the fields of the Schöneberg farmers were on the southern area. Only the Priesterweg ran through it as a connection between Schöneberg and Lankwitz. In the middle of the 19th century, the tracks of the Berlin-Dresden railway line and the Berlin-Anhalt Railway Company were in the southern area. The Tempelhof marshalling yard went into operation in 1889 .
The Berlin building regulations from 1892 envisaged today's southern area for a loose two-story development. In 1897 this was changed to a dense four-story construction of the houses to be built there. In 1903 the city of Schöneberg built the Auguste Viktoria Hospital on the edge of the southern area, which at that time was still in the middle of the countryside.
Building speculators secured the areas. While they left the land in anticipation of the major construction projects, the first gardeners settled along the Priesterweg, who built temporary huts and kitchen gardens on the site. Many colonies on the southern area were established at the beginning of the 20th century. At its peak there were 31 colonies with around 7,000 allotments. As early as 1910, however, Schöneberg announced an urban development competition that was to open up the entire area from Berlin-Schöneberg train station to Priesterweg train station for apartments. The winner of the competition was the architect Bruno Möhring . The outbreak of the First World War prevented the implementation of the plan; after the end of the war, planning was not resumed.
As early as 1918, 15,000 apartments were to be built on the allotment garden site under the recently graduated Schöneberg city planner Martin Wagner in collaboration with the US Chapman consortium, but this project was prevented by the resistance of the allotment gardeners. In 1920 the district association of allotment gardeners was founded to better organize the resistance to the development plans. In 1920 the Reichsheimstätten Act and in 1924 the Implementation Act were passed. 34.3 hectares of permanent allotment gardens were to be created, but this was forgotten.
At the same time, the site was considered the most valuable open building land that could still be found in Berlin. In 1927 there was the next development plan, this time by Otto Bartning . In the same year there was a competition for the development of the southern area between the Chapman Group from the USA and a German consortium under Haberland and Sommerfeld, which had already significantly shaped the design of the Bavarian quarter . In preparation for house construction, the Priesterweg station was opened on the Berlin-Dresden Railway in 1928.
Failed construction of a freight yard in 1935
After 1935 the Schöneberg southern area was cleared. First, there should be apartments for 400,000 Berliners. In the course of the planning for the so-called world capital Germania , this plan changed. At the end of the 1930s, 210,000 apartments were to be built in the west of the site, with a large train station in the east. This large southern station should have been built on the site of today's Südkreuz station on the north-south axis in the plans for the so-called world capital Germania.
The only building complex that actually came into being at this time was the large housing estate on Grazer Damm with over 2000 apartments. It is the largest housing construction program in Berlin during the Nazi era. The apartments were built by GSW between 1938 and 1940 at Albert Speer's initiative . The five-storey blocks were to be in a “soldier-like orientation” to the streets and, above all, optically emphasize their importance as central axes. In contrast to the social housing of the 1920s, the architects did without balconies or loggias, as these would have disturbed the representative view of the building. The orientation of the apartments to the south, which had been strived for in residential construction until then, was not maintained, as this would have contradicted the urban planning concept. Large hipped roofs should create a reference to the "traditional German construction method", courtyard entrances and house entrances made of natural stone emphasize the effect of monumentality and lasting construction. The houses are almost identical across various street blocks. To make it easier for the residents to find their way around, various small reliefs with coats of arms or fairy tales were placed above the house entrances.
The beginning of the Second World War prevented this construction, which was to take place after the " final victory ". During the war, flak positions and accommodation were built on this site. Beside and between the flak positions there were also allotments again. The extensive extensions to the Tempelhof marshalling yard also date from this period.
House construction and motorway junction in the post-war period
After the end of the war, the plots were divided on behalf of the American commander. The municipality of Schöneberg has regarded this area as grave land since that time . After the currency reform and blockade , the GSW housing company was supposed to build apartments on the site. This could be prevented by activating the Bundesbahn as the legal successor to the Reichsbahn (it was now claiming the southern area) and protests by the allotment gardeners and residents.
In 1952, due to measures to seal off West Berlin from the GDR, traffic on the long-distance tracks on the Berlin – Halle line was stopped. The tracks were no longer used, as was the Tempelhof marshalling yard.
Part of the southern area from Vorarlberger Damm to Riemenschneiderweg was released for residential construction in the 1950s. Several high-rises were built here in the Nordmannzeile and Wendlandzeile. In 1968 the construction of a motorway from Steglitz to Sachsendamm began to relieve the previous connection from Steglitz to the city center through Schloßstraße , Rheinstraße and Hauptstraße . In 1969 the Schöneberg motorway junction was built on 200,000 square meters. This is where the newly built Bundesautobahn 100 met with the west bypass . 800 allotments were cleared for this purpose. In the middle of the motorway junction, on the other hand, sports facilities were built or, such as the Schöneberg cycling track, were preserved. The Tempelhof marshalling yard, on the other hand, was no longer used and gradually recaptured by nature.
Another failure of a freight yard and nature park in 1978
In 1978 over 700 allotments were to be cleared for the construction of a freight yard. The freight yard was supposed to replace all freight yards in the south of Berlin. As a result of the protest of the newly founded Südgelände protection community as well as the allotment gardeners and residents, the clearance of 116 plots was withdrawn. If necessary, however, another 100 allotments should be cleared. Almost 20,000 citizens spoke out against the construction of the freight yard with their signature. The then Building Senator Harry Ristock ( SPD ) promised in 1978 that the Schöneberg southern area should be increasingly permanent. The demand of the then opposition CDU was: “Schöneberg needs every square meter of green and recreational space. The southern area must be designated as a permanent allotment area. "
Since 1980 an area of more than 20 allotment gardens has been fallow , although thousands of citizens are looking for a garden in Schöneberg alone and waiting times of 2½ years exist. Since then, 99 parcels have been classified as so-called "nursing gardens" and have no contracts.
In 1994, a total of 14 parcels of the Canova colony were demolished for the construction of a municipal day-care center on Riemenschneiderweg. A further 79 plots fell victim to the construction of the Südkreuz station .
After attempts to clear the trees on the former railway lines failed in the 1980s due to the resistance of ecological citizens' initiatives, the Natur-Park Südgelände , which runs on the former railway site , was created as an accompanying project to the Expo 2000 in Hanover . The park was created as a compensatory measure for the construction of the zoo tunnel in the city center. Old railway systems and works of art have been preserved in it. In part, nature is left to its own devices there, other areas have been cleared to preserve them as meadows .
Allotment colonies
The allotment garden colonies in the Schöneberger Südgelände form one of the largest contiguous allotment garden areas in Berlin. More than 2600 parcels are grouped into 26 allotment garden colonies. The city of Berlin owns the site.
The area of the colonies is enclosed by the Riemenschneiderweg, Vorarlberger Damm , Priesterweg and Prellerweg. The administration and leasing are carried out by the district association of allotment gardeners Schöneberg-Friedenau. The largest colony is the Sonnenbad e. V. with 220 parcels, the smallest is the Lindenbaum colony with 19 parcels.
The Schöneberg gardening school is located between the motorways and the allotment garden .
List of colonies
| society | Number of parcels | m² | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Old Schöneberg | 96 | 27.901 | First mentioned in 1926 on Priesterweg. After 1945 it was reinstalled in its current location. |
| Old goat pasture | 186 | 47,550 | |
| Mountain Peace | 90 | 26,615 | |
| Boerland | 118 | 35,500 | |
| Canova | 144 | 40,425 | Founded in 1924. Originally located where the Grazer Damm is today. Divided into two by a daycare center from 1994. |
| unity | 102 | 22,690 | |
| Happiness | 90 | 30,800 | Founded before 1926. |
| Happiness in the corner | 108 | 32,892 | Founded in 1909, the exact date is unknown, the year has been confirmed by the land registry office. |
| Green floodplain | 206 | 50,486 | Founded in 1907. |
| Green valley | 88 | 24,450 | |
| Serenity | 34 | 10,621 | Founded in 1913. An ecological nature trail leads through the colony. |
| ideal | 30th | 10,266 | |
| Rabbit farm | 103 | 25,931 | Founded in 1945 |
| Linden tree | 19th | 4,557 | |
| Linden grove | 157 | 45.393 | |
| Luisen Gardens | 73 | 23,050 | |
| Maxstrasse | 35 | 5,995 | |
| New time | 74 | 17,530 | |
| Roseneck | 127 | 37,400 | |
| Samoa | 129 | 31,800 | |
| Summer home | 100 | 28,300 | |
| sunbathing | 219 | 53,200 | |
| Spreewald | 145 | 45,590 | |
| Vorarlberg | 48 | 11,850 | Made in 1905 |
| reunion | 73 | 22,250 | |
| Meadow ground | 90 | 26,675 |
Sports fields
There are several sports fields on the southern area. A swimming pool and a sports hall, which are suitable for international competitions, as well as a soccer field with an athletics facility are located directly on Sachsendamm. In the middle of the allotment gardens next to the motorway there are larger sports facilities, including three soccer fields, three fistball fields , an athletics facility , a hockey field, a roller skating facility and a table tennis hall. The sports school of the Landessportbund Berlin and the facilities of the OSC Berlin are located in the southern area . There is a summer pool at the Insulaner .
After the former Schöneberg cycling track on Sachsendamm fell victim to the construction of a new furniture store, a new sports field had to be created to compensate. This has a size of 1.5 hectares and was built between 2004 and 2010. It is shielded from the allotment garden colony with a large noise barrier.
literature
- Arnim Bechmann, Declan Kennedy: The Schöneberger Südgelände as an allotment garden and nature park ISBN 3798309752 .
- Heidede Becker: History of the architecture and urban development competitions, writings of the German Institute for Urban Studies, Vol. 85, W. Kohlhammer 2008, pp. 145–162.
- Julius Fleischmann: The truth about the American offer to build 14,400 apartments on the Schöneberger Südgelände. Hensel & Company, 1927.
- Christian Hahn: Otto Bartning's idea of the city: the design for the Schöneberg southern area and the reform of the big city. Diss. ETH, 2008.
- Georg Wendt: The Bewoag housing project , in: Kommunale Blätter für Groß Berlin 4 , no. 11 (1927): 41–42.
Web links
- Schöneberger Südgelände on the website of the park operator
Individual evidence
- ↑ Paresüd: Nature Park Beautiful Südgelände
- ↑ Christoph Bernhardt: Building site Gross-Berlin: Housing markets, land trade and local politics in the urban growth of high industrialization Walter de Gruyter, 1998 ISBN 3110153823 , p. 182
- ↑ Michael Thomas Röblitz, Ralf Schmiedecke: Berlin - Schöneberg: Not only "As once in May" Berlin Sutton Verlag 2008 ISBN 3897027291 , p. 71
- ↑ a b Benedikt Hotze: Priesterweg: A train station in no man's land , May 12, 201
- ↑ Christoph Bernhardt: Building site Gross-Berlin: Housing Markets , Terraingewerbe and local politics in the urban growth of the high industrialization Walter de Gruyter, 1998 ISBN 3110153823 , pp. 301-30
- ↑ a b c d e Kleingartenverein Lindenhain: Facts ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
- ^ Matthias Donath: Architecture in Berlin 1933–1945: Ein Stadtführer Lukas Verlag, 2004 ISBN 3936872260 , pp. 172–173
- ^ GSW: GSW-Siedlung Südgelände Vorarlberger Damm, Berlin-Schöneberg , December 28, 1956 Deutsche Fotothek
- ^ Citizens 'initiative West bypass: Prehistory of the West bypass and the citizens' initiative
- ↑ Michael Thomas Röblitz, Ralf Schmiedecke: Berlin-Schöneberg: Not only “As once in May” Berlin Sutton Verlag 2008 ISBN 3897027291 , pp. 8–9
- ↑ a b Jürgen Bode: Chronicle ( Memento of the original from December 10, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Cavona allotment garden colony
- ↑ a b allotment garden colony Grüne Aue e. V. in Berlin: Chronicle of 100 Years of the Green Aue Colony ( Memento of the original from February 18, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Daniela von Treuenfels: The southern area should become a nature park. In: Berliner Zeitung , July 31, 1995
- ↑ Andrea Gerischer; Preliminary study for tourism projects in the Tempelhof-Schöneberg district ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 2.1 MB), page 13
- ↑ a b District Association Schöneberg-Friedenau
- ↑ colony Sonnebbad: About the colony
- ↑ a b Martina Naujocks: A shamrock should bring good luck , Schöneberg district newspaper May 2005
- ↑ HK Schwensen: Colony Chronicle , Colony Alt-Schöneberg
- ↑ Old goat pasture
- ↑ Colony Frohsinn: Chronicle
- ↑ happiness in the corner
- ↑ Colony Hilarity: About Us
- ↑ Allotment Colony Rabbit Farm
- ↑ Plan and law: Development plan XI-194aa Schöneberger Südgelände
