Schizocarphus nervosus

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Schizocarphus nervosus
Schizocarphus nervosus 1.jpg

Schizocarphus nervosus

Systematics
Monocots
Order : Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family : Asparagaceae (Asparagaceae)
Subfamily : Scilloideae
Genre : Schizocarphus
Type : Schizocarphus nervosus
Scientific name of the  genus
Schizocarphus
Van der Merwe
Scientific name of the  species
Schizocarphus nervosus
( Burch. ) Van der Merwe

The Schizocarphus nervosus is the only way the plant genus Schizocarphus within the family asparagaceae (Asparagaceae). It is distributed from southern tropical Africa to South Africa, where it is called White Squill.

description

Appearance and leaf

Schizocarphus nervosus grows as a perennial herbaceous plant . This geophyte forms an underground onion as a persistence organ, the casing ("tunic") of which is coarsely fibrous on the outside. Fibrous leaf sheaths sit on the onion. The compact onion leaves overlap like roof tiles and often end with fibers. The onion plate has a ring of closely spaced, branched roots.

The leaves stand together in a basal rosette. The simple, stiff, often twisted leaf blade is belt-shaped to lanceolate with a thickened blade edge. There is a parallel nerve.

Inflorescence and flower

One or two more or less long, pedicel-round inflorescence shafts are formed on an onion in a flowering season, on which there is a dense, conical or cylindrical, racemose inflorescence that contains many flowers. There are narrow bracts . The wiry, often finely haired flower stalks are initially short and stretch as they open up.

The hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and threefold. The six equally shaped bracts are free, about 4 mm long and stand together in a star shape . The colors of the bracts are blue to cream and whitish to greenish-white. There are two circles with three stamens each. The white stamens are triangular and widened at their base. The bluish-green anthers are short. The three carpels are a bluish-green to black, mm at a diameter 5-8 spherical, upper permanent ovary grown. There are only two, rarely up to six, ovules per ovary chamber .

Fruit and seeds

The spherical capsule fruit contains a few seeds in each fruit compartment. The black seeds are egg-shaped.

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 40.

Occurrence and endangerment

Schizocarphus nervosus is distributed from southern tropical Africa to eastern South Africa. There are localities in southern Africa in Mpumalanga , Limpopo , Free State , Gauteng , KwaZulu-Natal , Eastern Cape , North Cape and Northwest . It thrives on stony or open grasslands.

It is rated in the red list of endangered plant species in South Africa as “Least Concern” = “not endangered”.

Systematics

The first description was made of this kind in 1822 under the name ( Basionym ) Ornithogalum nervosum Burch. by William John Burchell in Travels in the interior of South Africa , Volume 1, p. 537. The genus Schizocarphus was established in 1943 by Frederick Ziervogel Van der Merwe (1894-1968) in Flowering Plants of South Africa , 23, Plate 904. The type species is Schizocarphus nervosus (Burch.) Van der Merwe. The generic name Schizocarphus is derived from the Greek words schizein for columns and karpos for fruit; this refers to the deep three-lobed fruit. The specific epithet nervosum means annoying. Other synonyms for Schizocarphus nervosus (Burch.) Van der Merwe are: Schizocarphus acerosus Van der Merwe, Schizocarphus gerrardii (Baker) Van der Merwe, Schizocarphus rigidifolius (Kunth) Van der Merwe, Scilla gerrardii Baker, Scilla hispidula Baker, Scilla nervosa (Burch .) Jessop, Scilla rigidifolia Kunth, Scilla rigidifolia var. Acerosa Van der Merwe, Scilla rigidifolia var. Gerrardi (Baker) Baker, Scilla rigidifolia var. Nervosa Baker.

Schizocarphus nervosus is the only species of the genus Schizocarphus that belongs to the Subtribus Massoniinae from the tribe Hyacintheae in the subfamily of the Scilloideae within the family Asparagaceae . It was previously classified in the Hyacinthaceae or Liliaceae families.

use

Schizocarphus nervosus is used in folk medicine.

swell

  • John Manning: Field guide to wild flowers of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland , 487 pages, Struik Nature, Cape Town 2009. ISBN 978-1-77007-758-4 : Schizocarphus on p. 88 (sections description, distribution and systematics)
  • John C. Manning, Peter Goldblatt & MF Fay: A revised generic synopsis of Hyacinthaceae in sub-Saharan Africa, based on molecular evidence, including new combinations and the new tribe Pseuoprospereae , In: Edinburgh Journal of Botany , Volume 60, 2004, p 533-568.
  • Frederick Ziervogel Van der Merwe in Flowering Plants of South Africa , 23, 1943, plate 904.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c RHA Govaerts, 2011: online in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families , Kew. last accessed on April 10, 2013
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h John Manning: Field guide to wild flowers of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland , 487 pages, Struik Nature, Cape Town 2009. ISBN 978-1-77007-758-4 : Schizocarphus on p. 88 .
  3. ^ Tropicos. [1]
  4. ^ A b c D. Raimondo, L. von Staden, W. Foden, JE Victor, NA Helme, RC Turner, DA Kamundi & PA Manyama, 2009: Entry in the Red List of South African Plants of the South African National Biodiversity Institute = SANBI. last accessed on April 11, 2013 .
  5. ^ William John Burchell in Travels in the interior of South Africa , Volume 1, 1822. - google-book-online.
  6. ↑ Schizocarphus at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed April 11, 2013.
  7. ↑ a b Schizocarphus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved April 11, 2013.
  8. ↑ Schizocarphus in the pacificbulbsociety. last accessed on April 11, 2013 .

Web links