Battle of Als
| date | June 29, 1864 to July 1, 1864 |
|---|---|
| place | Alsen , Denmark |
| output | Victory of Prussia |
| Parties to the conflict | |
|---|---|
| Commander | |
| Troop strength | |
| 23,000 | 10,000 1 tower ship Rolf Krake |
| losses | |
|
372 men casualties |
216 killed |
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Missunde - Königshügel - Danewerk - Schlei - Oeversee - Jutland - Vejle - Jasmund - Düppeler Schanzen - Fredericia - Helgoland - Alsen - Lundby - North Frisian Islands
The Battle of Als ( Danish : Slaget om Als ) was fought between the kingdoms of Denmark and Prussia from June 29 to July 1, 1864 .
prehistory
On June 26, 1864, a brief truce expired , the Prussian I. Corps under General der Infanterie Herwarth von Bittenfeld advanced from Sundewitt to Alsen . The Prussian General Staff gave orders to cross the Alsensund - the strait that separates Alsen from Jutland - on the night of June 28-29, 1864, and were used for this:
6th division under Lieutenant General von Manstein
- 12th Roeder Brigade : 4th Brandenburg Infantry Regiment No. 24 and 8th Brandenburg Infantry Regiment No. 64
- 26th Brigade Goeben : 6th Westphalian Infantry Regiment No. 55 and 2nd Westphalian Landwehr Regiment No. 15
13th division under Lieutenant General von Wintzingerode
- 11th Brigade Canstein : Brandenburg Fusilier Regiment No. 35 and 7th Brandenburg Infantry Regiment No. 60
- 25th Brigade Friedrich von Schmid: 1st Westphalian Infantry Regiment No. 13 and 5th Westphalian Infantry Regiment No. 53
Øster Snogbæk at the northern tip of the narrows was chosen for the crossing , because there one would remain hidden from the eyes of the Danish soldiers by the Sottrup Stroskov forest . The commander on Alsen, Colonel Peter Frederik Steinmann, had three brigades :
- Faaberg Brigade with 4th and 6th regiments
- Brigade Bülow with 5th and 10th regiments
- Brigade Kaufmann with 3rd and 18th regiments
After the Prussian Commander in Chief Prince Friedrich Karl had decided to cross the Sound at its northern mouth, the large concentration of artillery at Ballegaard was no longer necessary. From Sonderburg to Arnkielsöre, the Danes built around 10–12 jumps on the other side of the sound, the strongest of which were those at Rönhof and Arnkiel. The Prussian Division Manstein was designated to cross over with the 12th Brigade under General von Roeder at Satrupholz and to come into possession of the batteries of Fohlenkoppel and the Vorwerk Rönhof. First the regiments 24 and 64, then the 15th and 55th regiments as well as the Brandenburg Jäger Battalion were to be embarked. Later Manstein's division was supposed to advance against Ulkebüll and Hörup to prevent the Danes from retreating across the sea. The Wintzingerode division had to follow in the second meeting, with the 25th Infantry Brigade ahead and deployed on Ulkebull; behind it the 11th Infantry Brigade was to follow as reserve. On the extreme left wing, near Schnabeck-Hage, a powerful battery had been erected to prevent the Danish Navy from entering the sound.
course
On June 29th at 2:00 am, around 2,500 Prussian soldiers began to cross the Alsensund in small boats. The Danish tower ship Rolf Krake caused great difficulties for the Prussians and forced the soldiers to break off the crossing. The operation could only be continued after a Prussian cannon hit the ship at the bridge , forcing it to turn back. Captain Rothe had to cancel his mission after two hours and firing 116 shots.
At 02:15 the first troops landed in Arnkil and were able to take the Danish positions under heavy bombardment. A pontoon bridge could be built from here to allow more soldiers to cross. After a battle, Sønderborg and Kær could also be conquered after a short time . The remaining Danes then had to retreat to Kegnæs , where the soldiers either surrendered to the Prussians or were evacuated by ships. The Danish merchant brigade, which went back behind Ulkebüll and took up a position between the Augustenburger Fjord and the southern forest, covered the retreat of the defeated Faaborg and Bülow brigades. The Danish army suffered around 3,000 losses in this battle.
Arnkiel memorial
In 1872 the Arnkiel memorial was erected on the Alsensund at Arnkiel .
swell
- Emil Knorr: From Alsen to Peace , Perthes-Besser & Mauke, Hamburg 1865
- Ferdinand Pflug: The German-Danish War. JJ Weber, 1865
- George Bruce: Harbottle's Dictionary of Battles . ISBN 1117126625 .
- Theodor Fontane : The Schleswig-Holstein War in 1864 , Baltica-Verlag, Flensburg, 1999, ISBN 3-934097-02-2
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Theodor Fontane: The Schleswig-Holstein War in 1864, Berlin 1866, p. 41