Butcher Bible

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Miniature Bible 1907

The Schlachter Bible , first referred to as a miniature Bible in the original version from 1905 , is a translation of the Bible from the original languages ​​Hebrew / Aramaic / Ancient Greek into the German language . It was translated by the Swiss preacher, evangelist, author and newspaper editor Franz Eugen Schlachter (1859–1911). Schlachter was close to biblical theology , the sanctification movement , pietism and the Protestant revival movements . He was a preacher for the Evangelical Society of the Canton of Bern, for which he worked as an evangelist and a. built a congregation in Biel , and preacher of the Free Evangelical Congregation in Bern.

history

Miniature Bible, home and hand Bible

House Bible
Hand bible

Franz Eugen Schlachter reported Correspondenzblatt the APS (Alt-preacher pupils) of the Protestant preacher Basel School of the origin of the miniature Bible that he one with a blank sheet interleaved Zurich Bible used to it. Originally, he read the Bible in and then pulled the text Bible of Emil Kautzsch added. He then compared the text with the basic texts, lexicons, dictionaries, etc. and over the years made his own translation from which the miniature Bible emerged. Originally, he had planned to create the translation as a joint effort with his former classmates from the Preacher's School in Basel. He read the Bible continuously in the basic languages ​​and looked up each word in good dictionaries. The book of Job was the first part of the Bible that he translated and published in a special brochure. Other parts followed later, for example the book of Isaiah in 1901. In 1904 he wrote in the crumbs of the Lord's table that so far as single booklets Isaiah, Jeremiah, Job, Psalter, Proverbs, Preacher, Daniel and the twelve minor prophets had appeared. In 1902 the New Testament was completed and from January 1903 it was delivered; in June the last issue of the Old Testament appeared with Ruth and 1st and 2nd Samuel and in November 1905 the whole Bible was published as the first edition of the miniature Bible.

At the same time, Schlachter published a study sheet called Der Schriftforscher , a mixture of Bible study sheets and Bible lexicon. It was planned to add the lexical part as an appendix to the miniature Bible. However, butcher's early death prevented further processing or amalgamation of the miniature Bible and miniature Bible lexicon.

The first edition of the Bible was published in Switzerland by the Miniature Bible ( Biel ), and in Germany by Johannes Schergens ( Bonn ). It was a popular yet accurate translation of the Bible with a concise language. The style was similar to the Luther Bible, but also showed parallels to the old Zurich Bible and was characterized by a particularly appropriate choice of words. Words like “disputing spirit of this world”, “capital” etc. were only found in this Bible edition. In Job 8: 11-19, but also in the New Testament, Schlachter translated individual passages or verses in poetry. Other notable translation variants can also be found in this translation. The edition was only about 1.5 centimeters thick, had 728 pages, had a format of 11.7 × 17.7 cm and so fit in any jacket pocket. It had a text that was set continuously and was only interrupted when a new section of meaning began. The small writing was razor sharp and easy to read.

The miniature Bible saw six editions in the first two years; the first was sold out after just two months, in January 1906. As the then widespread journal of the community movement Licht und Leben reported in issue 31 of August 3, 1913 on page 493, it quickly overtook the community movement of both the Luther Bible and the Elberfeld Bible . It was particularly widespread in circles of the sanctification movement and Pietism . Until the death of Schlächter in 1911, it experienced 12 editions in its original form.

In 1907, in addition to the miniature Bible, a splendid house Bible with red or gold edging was published, but only in a test print, as well as an interspersed edition, and in 1908 a manual Bible with thin print and normal paper. The house Bible can still be found here and there in Switzerland and the USA.

Schlachter had a Bible repository in both the United States and Russia.

First revision of the miniature Bible after Schlachter's death

Linder and Kappeler revision , 1918

After Schlachter's death, the first revision was carried out in 1911 by the two Swiss pastors Karl Linder (1861–1931) from Oberhelfenschwil ( St. Gallen ) and Ernst Kappeler (1865–1936) from Zollikon ( Zurich ). A version of the New Testament of this revised edition was published beforehand in 1912 by Johannes Schergens (1855–1919), the Bonn publisher of the miniature Bible. The complete revision as a manual edition of the Bible was also published by him in 1913 . The text was partially adapted more closely to the form of the basic text, but linguistically no longer as elegant as the original Schlager edition. The 13th edition of the miniature Bible followed in November 1913. The New Testament had parallel passages in the margin. With the approval of the Schlachter family, the Privileged Wuerttemberg Bible Institute in Stuttgart took over the further publication of the revised miniature Bible . In 1916, the transfer of rights to the Württemberg Bible Institute was contractually regulated with the Schlachter family. On Reformation Day 1918, the 14th edition of the first edition from the Stuttgart Bible Institute came onto the market; In total, the Schlachter Bible saw seven editions from this publisher. The text of the last edition of the revised miniature Bible by Johannes Schergens and the first edition of the Württemberg Bible Institute were almost identical. Only minor changes and misprint corrections were made. The last (20th) edition took place in 1952, although the new butcher revision by Mauerhofer had been on the market since 1951. There is another edition that appeared between 1960 and 1965, but in which no edition is mentioned.

Prisoner of War Testament , 1945

Special edition of the New Testament for prisoners of war

The slightly revised New Testament of the miniature Bible from 1905 saw a special edition in 1945, when the English Scripture Gift Mission, with the consent of the Schlachter family, ordered it from the Geneva Bible Society and had it distributed by the hundreds of thousands to German prisoners of war in English captivity. Franz Eugen Schlachter's widow, Maria Schlachter-Jakob, had agreed to this special edition. This New Testament was printed in 1944.

Second revision of the miniature Bible from 1951

Butcher's Bible , 1951

The second revision was made in 1951 by the Geneva Bible Society with the consent of the Schlachter family. It was a careful revision of the original translation from 1905, not a revision of the Linder-und-Kappeler edition. The text went further away from the majority text than had been the case in Schlachter's original miniature Bible. Otherwise, this Bible was very similar in text and format to the original miniature Bible or the hand and family Bible. In this revision, the divine name YHWH , which was partially translated as Jehovah in the earlier editions, was replaced by the title LORD . The revision was carried out by the former banker and then assistant at the Bible School in Geneva , Willi Mauerhofer, and his wife Gertrud (high school teacher).

Intermediate revision attempt

Gospel of John butcher after v. Bibra.jpg

At the beginning of the 1970s there was an attempt to revise the 1951 text by the Geneva Bible Society, which ultimately failed and led to the new project of the New Geneva Translation (NGÜ). Only the Gospel of John, edited by Otto Siegfried von Bibra , was published as a special print in 1976 under the title Das Licht der Welt . But no further books were edited. Irrespective of this, however, the classic revision of the Schlachter Bible took place years later.

Third revision: "Schlachter 2000"

Butcher 2000

This new revision of the Schlachter Bible from 1951 was commissioned by the Geneva Bible Society in 1995 and published as "Schlachter 2000". At first only the 1951 edition should be provided with parallel passages. In the course of the editing, the decision was made to edit the translation more intensively, to replace outdated words and to add the specific and missing parts of the Textus Receptus to the previous text . The employees of this revision were Rudolf Ebertshäuser (editor), Peter Toscan (coordinator), Karl-Hermann Kauffmann (auditor) for the direct editing of the text and initially Herbert Jantzen (basic text specialist Ancient Greek) for the New Testament and Roger Liebi and Martin Heide for the Old Testament (Specialists in Hebrew and the Old Testament environment). The processing committee usually met in the Free Brethren Congregation in Albstadt . Other employees included Gottfried Maron (parallel posts), the former president of the Geneva Bible Society, with his own team, and Gottfried Wüthrich, the former travel secretary of the Geneva Bible Society, for the tangents to the old butcher version. The electronic processing was carried out by Jürgen Oberwegner and Willi Welte from the Free Brethren Congregation Albstadt, after the text of the 1951 Schlachter edition was recorded as a basis for processing by the Allgäu communities around Erwin Keck. Printing issues were coordinated by the then President of the Geneva Bible Society, Paul André Eicher. In 2003 the revision was completed after nine years of processing.

Butcher 2000

The “Schlachter 2000” is currently available in five editions: miniature bible, pocket bible, pocket bible with parallel passages, study bible and margin bible. The study edition has been available since November 2003 with around 100,000 parallel passages and a rich appendix as well as an extended footnote apparatus. The Pocket Bible with parallel passages is a scaled-down edition of the Study Bible. In the meantime there is the miniature Bible and also an edition of the standard Bible with parallel passages (study Bible) as well as a large print Bible, each with a new German spelling. A special edition, the so-called “Coffee Bible”, was published in 2015 by the Geneva Bible Society and Bernhard Bolanz Verlag in Friedrichshafen.

In early 2009, a bilingual edition of the Bible appeared in Russian and German. In addition to the Russian Synodal translation (which is of Orthodox origin, but is also used by Russian Protestants and Catholics), there is the German text of "Schlachter 2000". Of the synodal translation, in the Old Testament, analogous to most Protestant Bible translations, only the 39 books of the Jewish / Protestant Bible canon are printed; the so-called Apocrypha or deutero-canonical books of the Orthodox Bible are missing. The order of the books follows the standard of most Protestant German Bibles, not the traditional Russian enumeration.

On September 17, 2015, the CLV publishing house published the Concordanz zur Schlachter 2000. a. Karl-Hermann Kauffmann.

particularities

The Schlachter Bible is based on the Luther Bible , the non-revised Elberfeld Bible , but also on the old, non-revised Zurich Bible , but has very individual translation variants of Schlachter in some places. It is a source text-oriented Bible translation into understandable and concise German. Schlachter managed to formulate it in such a way that one could easily grasp the meaning of a biblical statement in normal but sophisticated German.

In those places where the name stands in contrast to other gods, Schlachter gave the divine name YHWH with Jehovah , otherwise with "Lord". Since the revision in 1951, the name of God has always been rendered as "LORD".

A special feature of “Schlachter 2000” is the translation of geographical expressions: Places and landscapes of Israel were named in such a way that the reader would find them on a conventional map of Israel , for example Negev instead of “Midday Land” or “South of the country” and Sheephela instead "Level".

Special editions

  • Guardian Angel Bible , ed. by Uwe Wolff, Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2009
  • so-called coffee bible , missionary special edition of the "Schlachter 2000" for the price of a cup of coffee (2.50 €), Geneva Bible Society and Verlag Bernhard Bolanz 2015, ISBN 9783866032866
  • Miniature Bible from 1905 in large print, reproduction and photo-mechanical enlargement of the miniature Bible from 1905, self-published by Freie Brüdergemeinde Albstadt 2014 (100 copies)

concordance

Schlachter Concordance 2015

A detailed word concordance with 2,673 pages was published in September 2015 . The concordance was drawn up by the Albstadt Free Brethren Congregation.

literature

  • Walter Wieland: Franz Eugen Schlachter, a contribution to the history and theology of the community movement in the canton of Bern . Edition Neues Leben, Grünenmatt 1982 (access work, submitted to the Protestant theological faculty of the University of Bern in the 1982 summer semester)
  • Gottfried Wüthrich: Franz Eugen Schlachter - his life and work , Geneva 2002 (manuscript print)
  • Karl-Hermann Kauffmann: Franz Eugen Schlachter and the sanctification movement. Self-published by Freie Brüdergemeinde Albstadt, 2005, Brosamen-Verlag, Albstadt 2014 (biography with reference to the spiritual environment of the Schlachter and a short history of the Schlachter Bible; commemorative publication for the anniversary “100 Years of the Schlachter Bible”), ISBN 978-3-00 -046811-7
  • Karl-Hermann Kauffmann: Franz Eugen Schlachter, a Bible translator in the field of the sanctification movement. Johannis, Lahr 2007, ISBN 978-3-501-01568-1
  • Franz Eugen Schlachter: Biblija . Russko-nemeckaja; Sinodal'nyj perevod Šlachter 2000. Lichtzeichen, Lage 2008, ISBN 978-3-936850-84-0 (text in Russian and German).

media

  • Franz Eugen Schlachter, preacher and Bible translator. A radio play book for adults by Christian Mörken, SCM Hänssler, Holzgerlingen 2014

See also

Web links

Butcher 2000:

Butcher 1951:

Other: