Kartlow Castle
Castle Kartlow is a mansion in the Vorpommern-Greifswald in Kruckower district Kartlow . In the middle of the 19th century, Woldemar von Heyden commissioned the building of the manor house based on plans by Friedrich Hitzig . The landscape park was designed by Peter Joseph Lenné . The manor house remained in the possession of the von Heyden family until 1945 . After apartments and consumption were set up during the GDR era, the palace is now privately owned and used for tourism.
history
Previous buildings
Already at the time of the first documentary mention in 1245 there was a permanent house of the Dukes of Pomerania-Demmin in Kartlow . Barnim I or his son Bogislaw IV. Enfeoffed 1274-1294 the Knights von Heyden for total hand with this prince's castle and the associated land. The castle was destroyed in the Thirty Years' War in 1630 . The castle ruins to the west of the ponds in the park are still marked in the register cards of the Swedish land survey from 1698.
Until the 19th century, the von Heyden family lived in a larger, single-storey half-timbered house consisting of three buildings. It formed the eastern end of the farm yard and was about 50 meters east of the current building. Before 1852, the old manor house was still being converted. The number of windows in the main building had been increased and the southern annex was removed.
Construction of the mansion
Woldemar von Heyden (1809–1871) had the old residential building torn down in the middle of the 19th century. Woldemar was General Councilor of the Pomeranian Province and was extremely successful economically. His wife Athalie, née Fränkel, came from a wealthy middle-class family and brought a large dowry into the marriage. Woldemar expanded the estate, ran a bank and wanted to use his own ship to export grain to Great Britain. He had the desire to organize his property in the manner of an English county. Between 1853 and 1859 the new mansion was built according to plans by Schinkel's student Friedrich Hitzig. Few details about the construction of the castle are known. The costs for the “Cartlower Hausbau” amounted to 43,821 thalers. At the same time, the park was designed according to Lenné's plans. The new house was moved into on November 15, 1856.
Recent developments
The von Heyden family remained the owners of the estate until 1945, when the Kartlow estate and the manor house became the property of the municipality as a result of the land reform . After the war, the palace and park were initially used as a recreational facility for officers of the Soviet Army. From autumn 1945 numerous refugees were quartered. Apartments were later set up in the house that were inhabited until the 1990s. Other rooms housed a school hall, a consumption room and the community office.
Today Kartlow Castle is privately owned. After the renovation of the roofs and facades, holiday apartments were set up on the upper floor. The restoration is complete.
After another change of ownership, the castle is no longer available for tourist purposes and now forms the main building of a stud with sport horse breeding.
investment
lock
There are no references to the Kartlow Castle in the estate of the architect Friedrich Hitzig. However, comparisons with other mansions such as Bredenfelde Castle , which can be shown to have been designed by Hitzig, show a high degree of agreement. The publisher Alexander Duncker named Hitzig as the builder Kartlows.
architecture
Chambord Castle in France is considered an architectural model . In contrast, however, the outstanding feature of the mansion built in the Renaissance style with neo-Gothic elements is its asymmetry . This is also in contrast to the symmetry of the majority of the manor houses, which were often built in the classicism style. The combination of different components with different decorative elements, which nevertheless lead to a closed overall effect, is interesting.
The three towers and the various gables are characteristic of the manor house. The building is dominated by the large, south-western tower with an octagonal floor plan. The rectangular northeast tower, which also has an octagonal floor plan above the roof, contains a clock visible from the farm yard. The smallest, northwest tower has a circular cross-section.
On the western side facing the park there is a terrace that takes up almost the entire width. The previously existing winter garden, which was located in front of the western windows of the ballroom, was also rebuilt in the course of the renovation, very close to the original.
Interior decoration
The main entrance is on the east side of the former farm yard and was built in the form of a portico hall, the upper floor of which is accessible as an arbor . Several murals have been preserved inside the entrance hall. These were whitewashed shortly after the end of World War II. In 1986, the excavation and restoration began. The wax paintings include a representation of Moses with the golden calf at his feet and Boniface in bishop's robe with the Donar oak he felled . These are copies of two pictures by the painter Wilhelm von Kaulbach , the originals of which were destroyed in Berlin during the Second World War . A third picture opposite the entrance shows Martin Luther sitting at a desk. The fourth mural is an allegory of the legend . Portraits of important people from the Reformation period are shown on eight medallions . Martin Luther's head portrait is also on a stucco relief above the entrance to the study. A second relief with the portrait of Ulrich von Hutten is placed above the opposite door to the dining room .
Much of the interior design was lost after 1945. The wooden wall paneling of most of the rooms on the main floor and a marble fireplace are missing. The restoration of the coffered ceiling with stucco elements in the ballroom has already been completed.
There is nothing left of the furniture. Only several terrines from a multi-part service, made in the royal Prussian porcelain factory , which were buried in Kartlow in 1945, are now on loan at the Demmin District Home Museum . The service, a gift from Frederick the Great to Major General Otto Leopold Ehrenreich von Gloeden, came to the von Heyden family in 1803 as part of the dowry.
Further wall paintings with depictions of women in different phases of life are in the large ladies' room. The scenes with literary interpretations belonged to the style of the poets' rooms popular in the 19th century. The representations are based on works by the painters Eduard Bendemann , Moritz von Schwind and Wilhelm von Kaulbach. It was not until the middle of the 20th century that the pictures were rediscovered under old wallpaper that had been pasted over them as early as 1885.
park
A drawing has been preserved from Lenné's design of the park. It comes from his colleague Gerhard Koeber and is dated to 1840. The design of the park took place over a period of two decades. At this time, the ponds in the park were given their present shape. The now tall beech and maple stock west of the ponds was not part of Lenné's design, it was probably created in the last decades of the 19th century. The area south of the mansion, on which a sports field was built in GDR times, was also planted at this time. In contrast to today, the castle was largely hidden from travelers.
In the post-war years, firewood was extracted in the park and many castle residents built sheds to store their belongings. An open-air theater was built in the 1960s, the remains of which were removed in June 2007. Potatoes were grown in the castle nursery. Melioration measures carried out at this time reduced the supply of fresh water to the ponds, which were previously also used for carp breeding , so that they silted up.
grange
A fire in 1800 destroyed the old farm yard, at that time still to the west between the ponds and the old manor house. It was rebuilt east of the house by 1820. A sawmill was added at the end of the 19th century. In the field horse stable were also the premises of the estate administration, which housed three new farmer families after 1945. Later the municipal administration was also located here, and after the LPG was founded in 1955, it had its offices there. A barn was dismantled to obtain building material for new farmhouses, and two other buildings fell victim to fires. Several stables are still there and have been extensively renovated in recent years, as has the forge.
Evidence and further literature
literature
- Petra Gersonde: Kartlow Castle and Park . Regional Museum Neubrandenburg, Neubrandenburg 1991
- Eberhard Rodenberg, Horst Dassow: Cartlow - Kartlow, 1245–1995, chronicle of a community in Western Pomerania . Self-published by Eberhard Rodenberg, Kartlow 1999
- Hubertus Neuschäffer: Western Pomerania's castles and mansions . Husum Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft, 1993, ISBN 3-88042-636-8
Individual evidence
- ^ Rodenberg, Dassow: Cartlow - Kartlow . P. 41: Duke Wartislaw III. confirmed on June 18, 1245 in Kartlow the monastery in Klatzow after its transfer to the Marienwerder near Verchen the lent land holdings. 440. (Cod. No. 346) Pomeranian document book
- ^ Gersonde: Castle and Park Kartlow. Based on the presentation of the Swedish matriculation card from 1698, drawn by J. Lund, the Kartlow pastor Carl Theodor Schmidt (term of office 1850–1886) designed a Kartlow card in his illustrated chronicle. The illustrated chronicle is owned by the parish of Kartlow.
- ^ Rodenberg, Dassow: Cartlow - Kartlow . P. 78. The authors used a translation of the description of the place Kartlow from the Swedish land survey of 1698 from the old Swedish by Dr. Eginhard Wegner from the Geographical Institute Greifswald. Therein an area marked Lb west of the large Kartlower pond is designated as the former position of the noble house .
- ^ Rodenberg, Dassow: Cartlow - Kartlow . S. 115. The authors quote from the Heyden-Cartlow family's balance sheet for the Cartlower house building for 1853/54 5,000 thalers, 1854/55 9,700 thalers, 1855/56 12,800 thalers, 1856/57 12,000 thalers, 1857/58 3,750 thalers and in 1858/59 the last installment was 571 thalers.
- ↑ Between 1857 and 1883 Alexander Duncker published about 960 views of castles and mansions in the Prussian provinces. About Kartlow he says: "The Cartlow Castle was built in the last few years by the famous master builder Hitzig in Berlin in the noble Renaissance style of Chambord Castle."
- ↑ a b Beatrix Draeger: On the significance and fate of the murals in Kartlow Castle . In: State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (Hrsg.): Monument protection and preservation of monuments in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . Vol. 3, Schwerin 1996, pp. 51-54
- ^ Rodenberg, Dassow: Cartlow - Kartlow . P. 110 .: Harald von Heyden in 'Deutsches Adels-Blatt' I / 1980
- ^ Lenné, Peter Joseph: (Parkplan von Cartlow) signed v. G. Koeber. - 1840 - 34.4 × 49.6 (Prussian Palaces and Gardens Foundation Berlin-Brandenburg, Collection of Prints and Drawings, inv.no.3469)
- ^ Rodenberg, Dassow: Cartlow - Kartlow . P. 141ff. At the end of May 1949, a so-called Kartlow village cooperative was founded, and in November 1949 it was transformed into VdgB (BHG) . LPG Type III "Friedrich Engels" was founded on November 22nd, 1955. It initially only had five members, but by March 1960 all individual farmers had to join.
See also
Web links
Coordinates: 53 ° 53 ′ 35.47 " N , 13 ° 16 ′ 3.05" E