Wiednitz Castle

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Wiednitz Castle around 1900
Site plan, measuring table sheet from 1883 (excerpt)

Castle Wiednitz was as a small Baroque castle built mansion of a feudal estate in the municipality Wiednitz , today part of the city of Bern village in Kamenz in Saxony Bautzen district in the north of Upper Lausitz . The property existed from 1735 to 1946.

history

The history of the castle goes back to a manor first mentioned in 1534 , the main building of which was in the center of the village, Bernsdorfer Str. 3. The estate changed hands about 23 times until 1945. From 1711 to 1725 it belonged to a family von Spohr (Sporr) zu Wittnitz . August the Strong and Countess Cosel often stopped there on their frequent trips to Poland.

From 1725 to 1768 the Saxon war councilor Johann Heinrich Simonis was the landowner. He was married to Marie Elisabeth d'Orville from Frankfurt am Main since 1722 and was August III's agent. participated with Baron von Löwendal in the reaching of the armistice between Saxon, Russian and Polish troops under Józef Potocki . 1730–1735 he built the baroque palace that was still in existence until 1946 on the left side of the entrance to Bernsdorf , created a spacious park , expanded the fish ponds and drained the swamp area. A large farm yard was later built north of the castle, surrounded by barns and stables .

Johann Heinrich Simones bequeathed his castle and manor in Wiednitz to his brother-in-law Peter (Pierre) d'Orville (1693–1757), citizen and trader in Frankfurt am Main , married to Johanna (Jeanne) Bernus (1699–1762) since 1721 . Her son Peter Friedrich d'Orville (1731–1787) and his son Johann Karl Friedrich von Löwenclau (1787–1831) were responsible for the development of the town's coat of arms, a leaping lion with outstretched claws. The origin of the title of nobility and the coat of arms of the D'Orville family comes from Peter's younger brother Isaak d'Orville (1699–1763), who was awarded it by Emperor Charles VII for himself and his family.

Wilhelmine Elisabeth Freiin D'Orville von Löwenclau (born October 15, 1774 in Wiednitz), the only child of Peter Friedrich D'Orville von Löwenclau, who died in 1787, married Friedrich Leopold von Wurmb . The Wurmb family lived in the castle and Friedrich von Wurmb managed his wife's manor until 1800. She died in 1800 giving birth to her fourth child, Heinrich. The last landowner of the d'Orville family in the 19th century sold the fields, meadows and cattle and initially only pursued hunting and fish farming .

In the 20th century the property belonged to the practicing doctor Josef Häring from Bernsdorf . In 1935 the property was in a very poor condition; parts of the stucco ceilings had fallen off due to the leaky roof. The Bernsdorf architect Arthur Müller planned to set up a polyclinic in the castle and to replace the defective mansard roof with a simpler hipped roof. However, the plans were not implemented. In 1941 there was another drawing by students from the Technical University of Breslau , including Paul Friedrich Posenenske under the direction of Günther Grundmann . Häring fled to the West after the occupation of Saxony by the Soviet military government .

With the land reform of 1946, parts of the park were cleared and turned into fields. In the same year, the castle in need of renovation was demolished. A duck fattening facility was then built on the former castle island . The orchard once in front of the castle became a public children's playground .

In 1992 the palace park was renewed: new plantings were made, benches were set up and paths were laid out. In 1994 an open-air stage was built in the park. In 2012, Wiednitz took part with his palace gardens on the 4th day of parks and gardens in the Dresden Heidebogen region .

description

The slightly elevated building was planned as a long rectangular, north-south oriented, two-storey castle with three on nine-axis main fronts, including a three-axis central projecting straight ahead in the street front with its own Roof and unrealized small balconies to the central window, and had a raised mansard hipped roof with four meals. The conversion to a hipped roof was not implemented, photos from the 20th century show a uniform hipped mansard roof. The central projection on the garden side was a half octagon with a partial pyramid roof.

On the ground floor, the window front was rather small, the windows on the upper floor were more than twice as large, the windows each split eight times as lattice windows . On the photos you can also see that the central projection was raised to three stories.

The gable of the street-side central projection was crowned by an amphora . In the gable field there was a baroque ornate coat of arms. On the street front, the high entrance door, decorated with a simple straight portal and coat of arms, was accessed via a two-flight balcony-like staircase with a railing on pillars . The gable ends of the roof each had a dormer window, the long sides in the mansard part had two dormers per side.

Inside, the castle was divided into three, two, two (risalites), two and three rooms on each level (from north to south, long side); the rooms in the risal part were the larger. The staircase was built in in the middle of the northern part of the row of three. The rooms had colorfully painted and decorated stucco ceilings , partly as Rococo - Mirror vault designed. The interior of the building was divided in the middle of the long side by a hallway.

Sources and web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Lausitzisches Magazin or collection of various treatises and ..., Volume 6
  2. ^ Elevation of Wiednitz Castle , NBA plan collection, building recordings of Wiednitz Castle, Herder Institute for Historical Research on East Central Europe - Institute of the Leibniz Association ; accessed on August 2, 2018
  3. ^ Elevation of Castle Wiednitz by W , NBA plan collection, building recordings of Castle Wiednitz, Herder Institute for Historical Research on East Central Europe - Institute of the Leibniz Association; accessed on August 2, 2018
  4. ^ Elevation of Wiednitz Castle , NBA plan collection, building recordings of Wiednitz Castle, Herder Institute for Historical Research on East Central Europe - Institute of the Leibniz Association ; accessed on August 2, 2018
  5. ↑ a b c d e NBA plan collection - search: Wiednitz , photos and drawings of the Wiednitz Castle from around / before 1936, Herder Institute for Historical Research on East Central Europe - Institute of the Leibniz Association; accessed on August 2, 2018

Coordinates: 51 ° 23 '11.4 "  N , 14 ° 1' 55.4"  E