Biesdorf Castle Park
| Biesdorf Castle Park | ||
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| Basic data | ||
| place | Berlin | |
| District | Biesdorf | |
| Created | 1868 (private) | |
| Newly designed | 1950s, late 1990s | |
| Surrounding streets |
North promenade, Parkweg, Alt-Biesdorf , Blumberger Damm |
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| Buildings |
Biesdorf Castle , Eiskeller, Biesdorfer Parkbühne, tea pavilion |
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| use | ||
| User groups |
Pedestrian traffic , bicycle traffic |
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| Park design | Albert Brodersen Johannes Mielenz (1950s) |
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| Technical specifications | ||
| Parking area | around 14 hectares | |
52 ° 30 '40 " N , 13 ° 33' 33.9" E
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The Schlosspark Biesdorf (also called Stadtpark Biesdorf ) is a park in the Berlin district of Marzahn-Hellersdorf , district of Biesdorf . It was created as a manor park in the 18th century and covers an area of 14.32 hectares .
history
The castle park was created together with the construction of the castle in 1868. Hans-Hermann von Rüxleben had bought seven parcels north of the village green. The approximately four hectare property extended from Dorfstraße to Triftweg 7.
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First of all, the landlord had an ice cellar built into the site in cylindrical shapes, 3.80 meters in diameter and 7.50 meters high. The entrance to this fresh food system was in the north of the park. In the winter, the estate employees fetched natural ice from the Wuhle to be stored in the ice cellar, so that the food could be kept fresh for almost six months (until September / October).
The ice cellar was redesigned around 1900 by the architect Paul Hentschel in such a way that it formed a more complete garden ensemble with the other existing buildings and plantings. The north side of the ice cellar was given a double curved staircase made of red Main sandstone and was decorated with twelve ball attachments.
A small pond was created in front of the ice cellar, the ice of which now cooled the storage rooms. The excavation formed an elevation on the north side.
The second owner of the park and palace was Günther von Bültzingslöwen , who, however, barely had the park maintained.
Georg Wilhelm von Siemens , the subsequent owner, was able to buy additional space after negotiations with the municipality of Biesdorf in order to enlarge the park. The Triftweg was moved 20 meters to the north, an option for further enlargement up to the route of the Royal East Railway Berlin – Küstrin was agreed. In 1889, Siemens commissioned the garden designer Albert Brodersen to redesign the entire green area.
Further reconstruction work and the relocation of paths in the park took place in 1898. The path connecting the Krummen Weg (later Oberfeldstrasse ) and the Cohn'schen Weg ( Blumberger Damm ) was given a different route. The area was completely fenced in. After completing this work, the park had a total size of 14 hectares.
From the portico of the castle to the northern border of the park, gardeners brought linden trees into the ground, which in a straight line formed an avenue of linden trees . The wrought-iron Art Nouveau tor - also on a design by Paul Hentschel made - closed the park to the communication path with an avenue of red oak was planted, the Eastern Railway from. Two lawn tennis courts were built to the west of the avenue of linden trees, in front of which a rectangular tea pavilion made of billets came, probably at the special request of Elly von Siemens .
In addition to the tea pavilion, the gardeners created a small rose, fruit and herb garden. The many conifers and special deciduous trees, including exotic plants, were a striking ornament on the lawn . Cone-shaped false cypress trees framed the ice cellar stairs, and potted plants stood on the cheeks of the stairs . On the sunny side, in the south of the building, there was space for hawthorn trees that were cut into spherical shapes. Numerous other native tree species such as European beech, English oak, sessile and red oak, summer and winter linden, chestnut, hornbeam, sycamore and Norway maple completed the park. Spruce and pine groups were planted on the edges of the meadow, while plane trees were planted on the north side of the castle . The pyramid poplars in the park are related to the architecture of the castle tower and are supposed to be reminiscent of Italy . In the eastern area of the park there is a design borrowed from English garden art with curved paths and short lawns that are framed with groups of trees and solitary trees.
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The city of Berlin acquired the park in 1927 and made it accessible to the public a year later. After the park opened, things changed. A children's playground with a seesaw, balance beam and seating was built on the area of the tennis courts ; A deer enclosure was created for visitors and their children. The original bowling alley has been converted into changing rooms. The tea house disappeared at the end of World War II for fuel. Some of the older trees were also felled.
After the Second World War there were again massive changes to the entire park. An emergency cemetery and a celebration hall were created in the north and east of the park. Members of the Red Army and civilians who died in the last days of the war were buried there. On the orders of the SMAD , around half of the area was given a wall of high clinker bricks. The demarcated area led from Dorfstraße to the left up to the height of the portico, then west of Lindenallee to the (today's) cross path past the Parkbühne, finally to Globsower Straße (Blumberger Damm) and then along Dorfstraße. The northern part of the park should remain open to users. In 1951, the garden architect Johannes Mielenz provided the corresponding renovation plans. The repair work on the path systems and the creation of new connecting paths dragged on until 1955.
In 1956 the park was given the Biesdorfer Parkbühne with 2000 visitor places, north of it a sand playground. The emergency cemetery was closed in 1958 and the dead were reburied, a year later the cemetery wall disappeared, only a remnant on the driveway to the castle remained. In 1960 and 1961, the park was newly fenced in along Globsower Straße in the north-west and east. A few years later, a youth pool was added, which had to be closed again in 1980 for hygienic reasons. From 1961 the Berlin magistrate organized holiday games in the park and in the palace together with the Lichtenberg district administration, to which the Biesdorf area had belonged since 1920. Three years later, a traffic garden was created in the northern area of the park . At the beginning of the 1970s, the palace park was redesigned and from 1974 to 1976 a new Indian playground was built at the Biesdorf S-Bahn station based on the designs of the garden architect Gregor Beimelers . The traffic garden and the first playground were replaced by other play facilities by 1978. The castle park and the castle have been on the list of monuments since 1979.
In 1982, a new reconstruction of the complex began, but it was to remain an amusement and recreation park. The fall of the Berlin Wall and German reunification led to a completely new beginning in the area of the Biesdorf Palace Park: in 1991, demolition measures began, such as the unsealing of concrete surfaces. It was financed from funds from the district's nature and green space office. Park maintenance and development concepts for restoring the historical appearance of the park were drawn up and, under the direction of Josef Batzhuber , garden monument preservation measures such as the rejuvenation of the woody plants, intensive maintenance and supplementation of the old tree population with the same species and genus at the historical locations were carried out. Large trees and flowering shrubs were replanted and the ground cover renewed. In 1998, the cast of a bust of Werner von Siemens could be put back on the still original sandstone stele on the ice cellar slope, a tea pavilion based on historical models was rebuilt. 165 new trees had been planted by 2000. The redevelopment with funds from the Senate Department for Urban Development and the District Office continued until 2010. The intensive efforts found public recognition in 2012 with the presentation of the Green Flag Award for Schlosspark Biesdorf.
Description and usage
A path runs from the southwest corner of the park, past the Rittmeisterhaus to the castle. A circular path leads asymmetrically around the castle. In addition, two curved paths open up the eastern part of the park, which slopes down to Dorfstrasse.
The historic tree blossom festival has been held in the park every year since the 1930s .
Castle pond
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The pond , as described above, was created at the beginning of the 20th century and its ice was stored in the neighboring ice cellar in winter and used for cooling purposes.
The water surface of the castle pond is approximately 30 m × 15 m and it is almost a meter deep. Since the renovation work in the 1950s, there has been a fountain in the center that enriches the water with oxygen and conveys a Mediterranean flair with its water feature. The pond with fountain and ice cellar were restored in 1998 with great financial and intellectual effort.
literature
- Bernd Maether: Biesdorf Castle: History, timetable, travel information . 1st edition. Berlin: Homilius, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-931121-41-0 , p. 26 .
- Roswitha Babig, André Osbahr: Waters in Marzahn-Hellersdorf . 1st edition. District Office Marzahn-Hellersdorf of Berlin, Berlin 2006, p. 39 .
Web links
- info-marzahn-hellersdorf.de - Information site about the Biesdorf Castle Park with many pictures
- berlin.de - Historical information on the Biesdorf Castle Park
- Garden monument Schlosspark Biesdorf, Alt-Biesdorf 55, Villengarten, laid out in 1868, by Albert Brodersen since 1891, redesign since 1946, restoration since 1984