Natural ice

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The term natural ice is used in connection with the use of naturally formed ice. With the spread of refrigeration machines , it no longer has any practical significance for cooling technology or cooling purposes.

history

Since the 1860s, the number of ice cellars and ice houses has increased sharply. The export of natural ice from Norway to England is known from the 19th century. In 1896 the ice cream sold in houses, streets and shops in Berlin was almost exclusively natural. Ice cellars went out of use in the 1950s and 1960s.

With the invention of refrigeration machines and electric drives , the importance of natural ice for cooling food quickly declined. Ice factories gradually replaced the ice factories . Between the 1930s and 1950s, refrigerators , mostly electrically operated, were also used in family households. In the catering industry, a heat-insulated, ground-level cold room replaced the previous ice cellar. The conventional freezers became superfluous. Due to the dubious water quality of lakes and rivers, the use of this ice for cooling purposes has largely lost its importance.

Iron harvest

In winter, ice was taken from lakes, ponds or rivers. It was cut into ice floes by chopping, sawing or with an ice plow , then transported away by carts and stored. Icicles could be produced on scaffolding devices made of either wood or steel in the open air from water, independent of bodies of water. This is how the ice got into ice cellars and ice houses . In big cities there were ice works that sold the ice all year round. The ice cream man supplied it to households for cooling food in freezers .

The water quality of the ice used has a major influence on the construction of the ice cabinets, because the organisms or substances contained in the water could penetrate the refrigerated goods and spoil them. For this reason, water from fast flowing waters of streams and rivers is preferable to that of stagnant waters such as lakes, ponds and flooded meadows. A spatial separation of the natural ice from the direct contact with the refrigerated goods only took place after this knowledge had prevailed, which resulted in a constructive barrier being built using a simple heat exchanger.

  • Ice transport by horse-drawn sleigh, approx. 1935

  • Natural ice extraction around 1852

Street names, ponds, sports facilities

Even today, geographical names refer to the previously important supply of natural ice from ponds.

The Eisteichstraße in Vienna-Simmering (A) was named in 1904.

There are other ice pond roads in Lannach (like two pond roads next to numerous ponds), in Schwechat (150 m away from the Schwechat , no pond preserved), in Oberwaltersdorf near a large pond and golf course, in Schwarzau am Steinfeld not far from the Schwarza ; in Bremerhaven (D) next to the fishing port of the Weser (without pond).

There are Eisteichgassen in Graz (A) (to the former Eustacchio brickworks) with the Eisteichsiedlung, in Brunn am Gebirge near the Krotenbach, in Bruck an der Leitha not far from a small pond to the left of the Leitha Canal and in Ruprechtshofen .

At the ice pond : In Reisenberg (A) (pond exists) and only 5 km away in Ebreichsdorf (without pond), Schwadorf (not far from the lock on the Fischa); in Konradsreuth (D) (ponds), Bad Salzungen , Medebach , Metzingen and Niddatal .

In Hof (Saale) (D) there is the municipal ice rink Eisteich next to a pond near the Saxon Saale. In Dresden there is the 30 m small ice pond Zschonergrund on the Zschonerbach and 3 km west of it there is an even smaller ice pond on the Lotzebach.

There is an ice pond path in Hanover at a trickle 500 m northwest of the Anderten lock .

In Münchberg there is an ice pond sports area on Schlegelbächlein.

There is an ice pond in Hausmannstätten (A), Am Wald; an ice pond as an ice arena for ice skating in Schwabenberg .

There are numerous ice ponds in Germany, for example in Egling .

At the Eisweiher is a street on the right of the Ache in Dornbirn (A).

There are ice lanes in Zurich (CH) and numerous German locations.

There are ice paths in Switzerland and Germany. The Eisweglein is a small connection path to the Margarethen artificial ice rink in Basel (CH).

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Eiskeller, ice works and cold stores in Schleswig-Holstein and Hamburg , ISBN 3-88042-962-6 , p. 129.
  2. ^ Eiskeller, ice works and cold stores in Schleswig-Holstein and Hamburg , ISBN 3-88042-962-6 , pp. 11-12
  3. ↑ The extraction of natural ice. , accessed February 21, 2017
  4. ↑ Natural ice cream production in Schwarzburg - picture of an iron frame, photo: Bernhardt, from: Allgemeine Wegweiser , No. 10, March 9, 1927, accessed on December 20, 2014
  5. ↑ Cf. The harmfulness of natural ice. In: Zentralblatt der Bauverwaltung , Issue 15, year 1892, pp. 159–160, digitized.
  6. ↑ Eisteichstraße geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at, Stadt Wien et al., 2014, accessed August 14, 2019.