School history of Berchtesgaden

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→ For the current status of the local school system, see: Berchtesgaden # Bildung

The development of the school system and its beginnings in today's Berchtesgaden market can be traced back to the 16th and 17th centuries. There are gaps in it to this day, but these are now being closed, among other things, by private school authorities in neighboring communities.

As recently as the 1980s there were in Berchtesgaden only an elementary school and high school as well as the state school Berchtesgaden . The pupils who wanted to attain the secondary school leaving certificate attended the secondary schools in Freilassing , the girls also attended the secondary school of the Sankt Zeno monastery in Bad Reichenhall .

Winter schools

In the 16th and 17th centuries there were only Winkelschulen or winter schools in Berchtesgaden , in which men and women who knew how to read and write taught the children as a sideline after the harvest season. So Jakob Riedl referred to as "Teutscher schoolmaster" a fathom "Puechenes" and the sacristan Nicholas Vonderthann taught in 1789 some children probably in Mesnerhaus. The last provost Joseph Konrad von Schroffenberg-Mös had a secondary school or normal school set up in 1792 and a cotton spinning school in 1793. The secondary school was located in the Nonntal (Klettnerhaus No. 15), where a trained professional teacher named Alois Mader, some auxiliary teachers and the sacristan Nikolaus Vonderthann taught 70 students until 1811 . In addition, from 1810 to 1811, two rooms in the nearby castle served the school as additional classrooms.

Saline schools

With the membership of Bavaria from 1810 within the framework of existing in Bavaria since 1802 were school compulsory for the children of salt Berger salt miners in Berchtesgaden, Bad Reichenhall , Hallein and Dürrenberg special on November 16, 1811 Saline schools established. For them, the salt mine and the saltworks made the largest financial contribution to the school fund until 1867. In Berchtesgaden equipped with four classrooms was Saline School in Mautner house (house no. 103, the former toll building next to the Neuhaus bow ) opened at the market. The children from Salzberg attended this school together with the “Markterern” until 1906.

In the current district of Au , the children were taught by Augustinian hermits from Dürrnberg in the 18th century . Their pay was four guilders or two buckets (68.4 l each) of beer per year, paid for by the Berchtesgaden Monastery. In 1812, 80 children from the Au attended school in Dürrnberg. In 1841 the first own school building was built in the Au, whose first teacher Jakob Hafner was previously the head of a corner school. In 1891 the school was expanded by two rooms and the old classroom was converted into a teacher's apartment. In 1948, two teachers had to look after four school classes in these rooms. It was not until 1951 that the now 200 children were able to move into an extension. In 1966 the school was reduced to a two-class elementary school or dwarf school with grades 1 to 4, while the pupils of the higher grades have attended the Berchtesgaden main or middle school since then .

In the current district of Maria Gern , the previous school owner and sacristan Josef Stanger became a public school teacher on August 17, 1804 and converted his Winkelschule Gern into a free public week school. The classroom in a building belonging to the Catholic Church was also a drinking room for the dignitaries with the landlord and teacher Stanger. In 1869 the community built its own school building next to the church, which also housed the community office. After a hundred years, the Gerner School was closed and in 1969 it was incorporated into the Berchtesgaden Central School.

Elementary schools / primary and secondary schools

Berchtesgaden Town Hall - also the school building from 1875 to 1972

In 1906, a separate elementary school was built on Schießstättstrasse for the children from Salzberg , but its premises were used again from 1942 to 1984 as part of a cooperation agreement with the Berchtesgaden market school. A kindergarten is now housed in the former elementary school in Salzberg .

Another school was set up on the site of the former Schrannenhalle in the town hall, which was completed in 1875. Until 1972 it served as a teaching facility for students from Berchtesgaden, Salzberg and Stanggaß.

After the Second World War , the elementary schools became denominational schools and the market was given a Catholic school, which was followed by a Protestant one in 1952. While the Protestant students were taught in the "Protestant School" in the town hall, the Catholic students attended the Am Bacheifeld elementary school (old building) from October 1952 , which was expanded in 1955 to include a middle building ( salt mining ) for the girls. A youth home was integrated into this central building . The separation according to denomination and gender in elementary schools remained in place until 1967. It was not until after 1967 that the Protestant pupils attended the four upper-level classes of the Berchtesgaden elementary school together with the Catholic ones . After the state-wide dissolution of the elementary school system, the grades were separated into elementary and secondary school , and the primary school pupils were divided into the Am Bacheifeld building , while the secondary school was divided into the Berchtesgaden town hall building until 1972.

In 1972, the Berchtesgaden secondary school moved from the town hall to its own extension at Am Bacheifeld , which was expanded again in 1996 by a wing. Since the 1999/2000 school year, the Hauptschule has been offering a “ Mittlere-Reife-Zug ”. Since August 1, 2010 in a school bond with the middle school Bischofswiesen , the main school Berchtesgaden was in middle school Berchtesgaden renamed and provides u. a. afternoon care for both schools.

high school

In the Middle Ages, there was a Latin school for the children of the ministerials and respected citizens of Berchtesgaden at the court of the Canons' Monastery . Other teachers known by name were Dionys Pacher in 1652 and Matthias Fink in 1708. How long the Latin school existed is unclear, but since it was not mentioned in connection with the first elementary school in 1792, it probably did not exist longer than the end of the 18th century. It was obviously only "poorly frequented", so that it was not revived or replaced for over 100 years.

Founded in 1921 as a private school and officially recognized since 1924, the middle school was run as a community high school from 1938 . In 1950 it was renamed Oberrealschule Berchtesgaden and in 1958 with its nationalization it was renamed Realgymnasium . In 1965 the grammar school set up a modern language and from 1972 a mathematical and natural science branch.

From 1993/94 to 2008/09, the participating school Berchtesgaden at school pilot European school . At the moment, a distinction is made between the offer of a linguistic and a scientific-technological high school for an eight-year school career.

From 1921 to 2004, the grammar school was housed in the school building on Salzburger Strasse, which was expanded in the early 1970s. In the summer of 2004, it moved to a new building complex on Am Anzenbachfeld within sight of the salt mine .

Vocational school for wood carving and joinery

The forerunner of this vocational school was a drawing school founded privately in 1812 and approved by the Bavarian king in 1814 . The official founding year of the drawing school of the market in Berchtesgaden is 1840. On February 19, 1858 the name was changed to industrial drawing school , which should serve to improve the Berchtesgaden war or wares industry . The approval of a craft business as a turner , carver and toy maker has since been linked to the successful attendance of this school. In 1871 the school on Bergwerkstrasse was rebuilt. Exhibition and sales rooms were added, as well as a museum that has been housed in Adelsheim Palace since 1968 .

professional school

Until 1974 Berchtesgaden had its own vocational school, which was then assigned to the state district vocational school in Freilassing . Like the vocational school for wood carving and carpentry, it had developed from the previous drawing school and in 1876 moved to the old rent office on Schloßplatz as a commercial training school . Renamed the vocational training school in 1914 , the market built its own school building for them on Salzburger Strasse from 1921 to 1923. From 1924 the housekeeping school for girls was also housed there. After the Second World War, the vocational school shared the classrooms on Bergwerkstrasse with the vocational school. Although the district council decided to close the Berchtesgaden branch in 1976, some specialist groups remained there until 1983.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Hellmut Schöner : Berchtesgaden through the ages. Supplementary Volume I, 1982, p. 99
  2. ↑ On going to school from 1811 - Berchtesgaden through the ages , p. 323 above
  3. ↑ On attending school until 1906 - Berchtesgaden through the ages , p. 323, keyword school building
  4. ↑ Hellmut Schöner: Berchtesgaden through the ages. Supplementary Volume I, 1982, p. 98
  5. ↑ On attending school from 1906 - Berchtesgaden in the course of time , p. 323, keyword schools
  6. ↑ On school attendance from 1875 - Berchtesgaden through the ages , p. 272, keyword town hall , p. 322 Schrannenhalle
  7. ↑ grundschule-berchtesgaden.de Homepage of the Berchtesgaden primary school
  8. ↑ mittelschule-berchtesgaden.de Home middle school and Berchtesgaden. a. with information on the school network
  9. ↑ mittelschule-berchtesgaden.de school chronicle middle school Berchtesgaden
  10. ↑ It is rather unlikely that the teacher Georgius Agricola is identical to the Prince-Bishop Georgius Agricola , although some life dates and the common place of study could speak for it.
  11. ↑ Hellmut Schöner: Berchtesgaden through the ages. Supplementary Volume I, 1982, pp. 98-99, 103
  12. ↑ gymbgd.de The development of the Berchtesgaden grammar school . Page of the school's own homepage
  13. ↑ Hellmut Schöner: Berchtesgaden through the ages. Supplementary volume I, 1982, on the vocational school for wood carving and carpentry, pp. 108-109.
  14. ^ Walter Brugger, Heinz Dopsch, Peter F. Kramml, History of Berchtesgaden: Stift, Markt, Land, Volume 3, 1999, p. 467