School lunch

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

School feeding in Germany refers to the provision of hot main meals to schoolchildren, teaching staff and other employees at schools. One of the goals of school meals is to contribute to a full food supply.

history

19th century

An Israelite women's association was founded in Hamburg in 1819 and from 1823 onwards it offered a lunch menu in the school building.

1920s

Among the advocates of the introduction of school meals in the 1920s was the Saxon state parliament member and member of the Reichstag, Ernst Schneller ( KPD ), who also called for the freedom to learn aids , free medical examinations and clothing for children.

The Briton John Boyd Orr advocated improving the quality of life for children as they grow and reforming school meals. For his international engagement he received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1949 .

West Germany after World War II

Danish cocoa donation, around 1946

The introduction of school meals in post-war Germany began at different times in the individual occupation zones .

From March 1946, the British carried out school meals from army stocks in their zone. The Swedish feeder cared for children aged three to six within the British occupation zone - mainly in Berlin , Hamburg and the Ruhr area. The Swiss organization Schweizer Spende supported children in Hamburg , Vienna , Lower Austria and Burgenland from September 1945 to the end of 1946 . Former US President Herbert C. Hoover recommended "a daily additional meal (350 kcal) for children and old people from army stocks, supplemented by fat and meat from the German livestock removal program". It was on his initiative that from April 14, 1947, 3.5 million children and young people between the ages of six and eighteen were provided with a meal every day in the bizone from the 40,000 tons of food made available for this purpose.

In the French zone , school feeding began in May 1949. The children were measured and weighed regularly. They had to bring a spoon and a jar of their own. Sometimes it was just "a tin can with a self-made handle made of wire".

In Bavaria , the guidelines for the implementation of school meals in Bavaria of April 17, 1947 stipulated : “The group of people entitled to receive includes all school-age children aged 6 to 18 [...] according to a medical report. Children of self-supporters are not eligible. ”About 20% of the children examined were classified as malnourished . While in big cities the soups were cooked in large kitchens and delivered to schools in buckets, in other places only the ingredients and fuel were made available. School meals lasted until around 1950/51.

See also: CARE package

School lunch in the GDR

School lunch in Thuringia, 1975
Food stamps GDR, 1989

School meals began after the Second World War, despite the difficult nutritional situation, at the end of 1945. From November 19, 1945, all 272,000 Berlin schoolchildren between the ages of 6 and 14 received a daily warm meal. In 1950, school meals in the GDR were legally set at 50 g rye flour, 20 g nutrients, 10 g meat, 5 g fat and 10 g sugar per participating child.

In 1975 the ordinance on school and child feeding was issued. All children in pre-school facilities (kindergartens) and 85% of all pupils had a hot lunch every day until 1989. The pupils in their schools were also supplied with drinking milk. The municipalities subsidized 75% of the financial expenditure for raw materials and wage and ancillary costs. The participants paid 0.50 to 0.75 GDR marks for each warm lunch.

Other countries

Developments in the 21st Century

The European Union continues to supply schoolchildren with school milk in accordance with Regulation (EC) No. 2707/2000 of the European Commission and the related German regulation of July 20, 2001. In 2009 the European School Fruit Scheme was launched.

School canteen for two all-day schools, Uetersen

In the UK , chef Jamie Oliver organized a campaign against fast food in 2004 . The Jamie's School Dinners series resulted in the Feed me better campaign with 241,000 signatures from various schools in England. In 2005 the Labor government responded by pledging an additional £ 280 million to improve school meals. A counter-movement from parents, represented by Julie Critchlow and Sam Walker, among others, is now calling for more fast food . In November 2006 there was a kind of boycott of broccoli . In Great Britain the weblog NeverSeconds has also become known, in which a schoolgirl comments on her school lunch.

The school feeding of the United Nations World Food Program currently provides 250,000 schoolchildren worldwide with daily school meals. In 2006, the Federal Foreign Office supported children in northern Kenya who were particularly hard hit by the drought with a school lunch.

School catering in Germany today

The kitchen project for Germany's schools has existed since 2009 . This joint project of the Federal Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection , TV chef Tim Mälzer , the Bertelsmann Foundation and kitchen manufacturer Nolte Küchen as sponsor is carried out as part of the national IN FORM action plan . The aim of the project is to anchor the topic of "healthy eating and cooking" in everyday school life for children and young people. In order to achieve this goal, a nationwide competition is being carried out in which primary and secondary schools can apply for a new practice kitchen. At the same time, the Federal Ministry of Food is endeavoring as part of the “School + Food = Grade 1” project to ensure that the quality standards it has developed for school meals are given greater consideration. To this end, the federal government, together with the federal states, has set up so-called school networking centers in all federal states. 16 nationwide networking centers for school catering offer support in developing and improving the quality of a balanced range of meals in school facilities.

More than half of all public and private primary and secondary schools in Germany are run as all-day schools . Around a third of all students take advantage of all-day offers. They must be provided with lunch on all days that they spend in full-time operation. In the future, schools are likely to be increasingly confronted with challenges relating to specific nutritional requirements in the context of religious (halal, kosher diet) and cultural diversity. Vegan nutrition could be a "lowest common denominator".

School authorities and schools assume joint responsibility for the design and organization of the catering offers. School meals are mainly produced by catering companies and delivered to schools. More than half of the schools have their food delivered warm and ready to eat. Only in a few schools is freshly cooked on site. Lunch in schools does not only follow organizational tasks, but also educational ones, e.g. B. the promotion of community experience, health promotion, nutrition education.

criticism

From the nutritional point of view, it is often criticized that menu plans in schools are still in need of improvement. Less meat, more vegetables and fish should be represented in the product range. They rarely meet the DGE quality standard for school catering. Long warming times are often associated with warm deliveries in particular, which could lead to losses in terms of sensory and nutritional quality. Catering officers in schools and the participation and participation in school meals on the part of the pupils can only be found occasionally.

See also

literature

  • Thomas Schwarz: School catering. In: Lexicon of school social work. Edited by Herbert Bassarak. Baden-Baden 2018, ISBN 978-3-8487-1594-7 , pp. 440–441.
  • Michael Wildt: The dream of getting full. Hunger and protest, black market and self-help in Hamburg 1945–1948. VSA, Hamburg 1986, ISBN 3-87975-379-2 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Simone Lässig: Jewish Paths into the Bourgeoisie: Cultural Capital and Social Rise in the 19th Century, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2004, p. 160, online, accessed June 4, 2020, restricted access
  2. ↑ Carsten Stern: Sweden Feeding and Red Cross in Hamburg - Mass feeding 1946–1949 for Hamburg toddlers in times of hunger. Neumünster 2008, ISBN 978-3-529-05231-6 .
  3. ^ The Hoover school lunch in Bergzabern 1949/1950 ( Memento of October 8, 2007 in the Internet Archive ).
  4. ^ The school feeding in Ehrenhausen 1947–1951 . In: schule-ehringshausen.de.
  5. ^ A help in the struggle for survival ( Memento from September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ). In: Kreisbildstelle-illertissen.de.
  6. ↑ Last delivery note 1950 . In: virtuelles.brueckenhofmuseum.de.
  7. ↑ School lunch from Monday . In: Berliner Zeitung , November 17, 1945, p. 2
  8. ↑ Order for the implementation of school meals of March 30, 1950 (Journal of Laws p. 489) on the basis of Section 12 of the Act on Participation of Young People in the Development of the German Democratic Republic and the Promotion of Young People in School and Work, in Sport and Recreation dated February 8, 1950
  9. ↑ Text of the ordinance on school and child feeding .
  10. ↑ Handbook of communal catering for working people and schoolchildren , revised edition, Verlag Die Wirtschaft, 1989. See Ratgeber Schülerspeisung , Verlag Die Wirtschaft, 1989.
  11. ↑ Federal Foreign Office continues aid for victims of the drought in East Africa ( Memento from September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive ). In: laender-und-kulturen.de.
  12. ↑ www.vernetzungstellen-schulveracity.de
  13. ^ Klaus Klemm, All-Day Schools in Germany - An Educational Statistics Analysis, Bertelsmann Foundation, 2013
  14. ^ Resolution of the Conference of Ministers of Education of January 2, 2004
  15. ^ Thomas Schwarz: School catering . In: Herbert Bassarak (Ed.): Lexicon of school social work . Nomos, Baden-Baden, p. 441 .
  16. ↑ a b Ulrike Arens-Azevedo, Quality of School Catering - Nationwide Survey, University of Applied Sciences Hamburg, 2014.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.in-form.de  
  17. ^ Thomas Schwarz: School catering . In: Herbert Bassarak (Ed.): Lexicon of school social work . Nomos, Baden-Baden 2018, p. 441 .