Black Breast Mango Libri

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Black Breast Mango Libri
Black breast mango okol

Black breast mango okol

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Subfamily : Polytminae
Genre : Anthracothorax
Type : Black Breast Mango Libri
Scientific name
Anthracothorax nigricollis
( Vieillot , 1817)

The black-breasted mango ( Anthracothorax nigricollis ) or black-throated mango is a species of bird from the hummingbird family (Trochilidae). The species has a large distribution area, which extends over parts of the countries Panama , Colombia , Trinidad and Tobago , Venezuela , Guyana , Suriname , French Guiana , Brazil , Ecuador , Peru , Bolivia , Paraguay and Argentina . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

Black breast mango okol

The black-breasted Mangocolibri reaches a body length of around 11 to 12 cm, with the males weighing around 5.5 to 7.5 g and the females around 6 to 7.3 g. The male has a slightly curved black bill. The upper side is bronze-green, the lower side in the middle of the chest and belly is velvety black with iridescent blue-green edges. The tail is predominantly chestnut in color with a purple tinge and dark blue edges. The top of the female is like that of the males. On the underside they have a central, velvety black stripe from the chin to the belly, which is lined with wide white on both sides. The tail is similar to that of the males, but they have a broad black subterminal band that is spotted with white. Fledglings are similar to females, with the feathers lined with brown on the head and lower back. The green on the top looks paler and doesn't shimmer as much. They often have scattered white feathers on their heads and bodies, as well as yellow-brown elytra. Some almost adult males develop different color patterns, such as long white stripes of beard or completely white crescent-like tints that separate the black of the throat. Usually they also have a white spot behind the eye. Females of this age occasionally have white spots and orange-brown flanks from throat to belly.

Behavior and nutrition

The birds usually get their nectar from large flowering trees such as coral trees , eucalyptus , from the species of the genus Mabea belonging to the milkweed family , from the species of the genus Spirotheca and Tabebuia belonging to the mallow family . They also collect on vines and bushes such as Aechmea , Bauhinien , Calliandra , Lion Ears , Russelia , Ixora and Hibiskus . They also hunt insects in open areas, often around tree tops or in other foliage. Males occupy their food territory , but are nowhere near as aggressive as other large and dominant hummingbirds. They show respect for other species, but less for other species. The behavior varies according to the vegetation in different strata . At artificial feeding stations, so-called feeders, they prefer the additives with vitamins over pure nectar or nectar additives with minerals for birds.

Vocalizations

The call consists of seven-syllable hsl-hsl-hsl-hsl-hsl-hsl-hsl sounds, which contain concise twick and tiuck sounds. The males sing while sitting on tall trees. However, these do not belong to specific leks .

Reproduction

In Trinidad the birds breed from December to July, on the north coast of Venezuela from January to April, in the Amazon of Brazil from July to August and in eastern Ecuador in August. In Colombia, it is believed that they breed all year round. They build the small, chalice-like nest with fine, white plant material, which they decorate with lichen. It is usually attached to leafless, horizontal branches, mostly at heights between 8 and 15 meters above the ground, more rarely only 1 to 2 meters above watercourses. Sometimes it is exposed to sunlight for a long time. The height of the nest is 30 mm, the outer radius 45 mm and the inner radius 28 mm. The clutch consists of two eggs. An egg is 14.3 to 16.5 by 9.1 to 9.5 mm in size and weighs 0.61 g. The individual eggs are laid on different days. The breeding season varies between 16 and 18 days, with only the soaking incubating. The chicks are blackish. The nestlings fledge at around 20 to 24 days. The young animals then remain with the mother for three to four weeks. There are two broods per year. The first brood occurs in the second year of life.

distribution and habitat

Distribution area of ​​the black-breasted mango colibris

The black-breasted mango kibri lives in garden-like vegetation and scattered trees. This includes parks, gardens, forest edges, etc. in dry and damp areas. They can also be found on mountain slopes that are used for agriculture by humans . Usually they occur in tropical areas at altitudes up to 1000 meters. In the northern Orinoco region in Venezuela, they have been observed up to 1,400 meters.

migration

From August to September the animals move to higher regions. Long bird migration has been reported in eastern Brazil . In the Amazon of Colombia, they are relatively frequent from July to October, when the coral trees Erythrina fusca are in bloom, but can only be observed occasionally in the Amacayacu National Park during the remaining months . A report from the northeast of Argentina from May 2010 shows the southernmost point at which the species has been observed so far.

Subspecies

While the IOC World Bird List considers the species monotypical , other authors see two subspecies:

  • Anthracothorax nigricollis nigricollis ( Vieillot , 1817) is distributed over western Panama and Colombia, Trinidad and Tobagos, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil, eastern Peru and Bolivia, Paraguay, and northeast Argentina.
  • Anthracothorax nigricollis iridescens ( Gould , 1861) occurs in the southwest of Ecuador and the northwest of Peru.

The status of A. n. Iridescens is controversial in science. Some authors see them as a subspecies of the green-breasted mango colibris ( Anthracothorax prevostii ( Lesson, RP , 1832)) and still other authors even see it as a separate species of Anthracothorax iridescens .

Etymology and history of research

Louis Pierre Vieillot described the black-breasted mango tibri under the name Trochilus nigricollis . The type specimen came from Brazil. In 1831 Friedrich Boie introduced the genus Anthracothorax . The black-breasted mango was later assigned to this genus. The name is derived from the Greek "anthrax, anthrakos ανθραξ, ανθρακος " for "coal" and "thōrax, thōrakos θωραξ, θωρακος " for "breast". The species name is a Latin word formation consisting of "nigri-" for "black-" and "-collis" for "-necked, -throaty". Iridescens »shimmering, shimmering« can be derived from the Latin »iridescere« for »shimmering, shimmering«.

literature

Web links

Commons : Black-breasted Mangocolibri ( Anthracothorax nigricollis )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Karl-Ludwig Schuchmann u. a.
  2. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  3. ↑ a b James Vanderbeek Van Remsen Jr. u. a, p. 146.
  4. ↑ a b Louis Pierre Vieillot, p. 349.
  5. ^ John Gould, p. 65.
  6. ^ Friedrich Boie, p. 545.
  7. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 49.
  8. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 271.
  9. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 207.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Boie arranged the genus the Jamaica Mango Hummingbird ( Anthracothorax mango ( Linnaeus , 1758)), the blue star Antilles Kolibri ( Eulampis holosericeus ( Linnaeus , 1758)), Purple Kehl Kolibri ( Eulampis jugularis ( Linnaeus , 1766)) (Syn: Trochilus violaceus ), Smaragdkehl- Mangokolibri ( Anthracothorax viridigula ( Boddaert , 1783)) (Syn: Trochilus gramineus ) belonging to the genus.