Shebitko

Name of Shebitko
Horus name	Djed-chau Ḏd-ḫˁ.w With constant appearances
Sideline	Aa-ba-em-neb-taui ˁ3-b3-m-nb-t3wj Great reputation in all countries
Gold name	Aa-chepesch-hui-pedjet-9 ˁ3-ḫpš ḥwj pḏt 9 With great impact, which strikes the nine arcs
Throne name	Djed-kau-Re Ḏd-k3.w-Rˁ With permanent Ka , a Re
Proper name	Schebitko / Schabataka (Scha ba ta ka) šbtk / Š3 b3 t3 k3

Schebitko (also Sebitku , Schabataka ) was the 3rd pharaoh (king) of the 25th dynasty . His reign is around 716 to 707/706 BC. To apply. He is the successor to the Pije . His wives are called Arti and Qalhat.

Other names

He takes the name of Horus and the throne name from the name of Djedkare Asosi from the 5th dynasty . On one Kaiinschrift from Karnak mentioned Horus name "Strong bull in Thebes appear" and the Nebtiname 'will make the Maat, beloved of the two countries "and" With permanent phenomena "and the gold name " He is happy about the victory "is on the other hand to the title of Thutmose III. ajar.

origin

The exact origin of the Shebitko is not known. Manetho calls him a son of Shabaka. According to another text, he could possibly be the brother of Taharqa and thus a son of Pije. His wife Arti was the daughter of Pije.

The order of the rulers Shebitko and Shabaka has long been discussed. More recent research sees Shebitko as the predecessor of Shabaka, and not the other way around, as long assumed.

supporting documents

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Several dates are known from Shebitko from Egypt; for example the third year on a Nile River inscription on the quay at Karnak and the 15th year on a statue . A donation stele from Prince Patjenfi of Pharbaithos names the 10th year of Shebitko. Rolf Krauss dates the third year of reign based on the inscription relating to the Amun Re festival to 701 BC. However, it refers to the possibility that the corresponding date in the ancient Egyptian lunar calendar also refers to the year 704 BC. Can relate to what in turn an accession to the government of Schebitko around 707/706 BC. Would mean.

Another cross connection is the naming of the birth of an Apis bull under Taharqa. The beginning of rule of Taharqa falls in the year 691 BC. The 15th year of reign of Shebitko thus contradicts an accession to the throne around 704/703 BC. Most Egyptologists therefore assume a reign of about 16 to 17 years, which means that the reign began around 707/706 BC. Chr. Derives.

Domination

Stele showing Shebitko sacrificing

Foreign policy

In terms of foreign policy, it is important that Shebitko, together with other lower and central Egyptian petty princes, supports city-states that rise up against Assyria . In his second year of reign he goes to the battle of Altaqu / Elteqeh against Sennacherib . The conquest of Jerusalem can only be prevented by the submission of Hezekiah of Judah .

Construction activity

Shebitku built in Thebes a chapel at the Holy See and extended the chapel of Osiris -Mr-of-eternity with Amenirdis I. together. In the southeast corner of the Luxor Temple , he replaced some reliefs of Ramses III. through scenes of worship of the gods Amun , Hathor and Mut . From Memphis a statue is known, and in the Serapeum at Saqqara , there are hieroglyphic cartouches . He is also named on the donation stele with his 10th year and on the stele of a funeral priest of Shebitko. A bronze chaos, an ankh sign made of faience from Kawa , the handle of a sistrum and various other objects cannot, however, be ascribed to him with certainty.

His grave

Shebitko was buried in a tomb pyramid (No. 18) in El-Kurru ; Remnants of grave equipment ( shabtis , sacrificial tablet, ivory ) as well as skulls and bones of Shebitko were found. There were burial places for the royal horses nearby.

literature

• Charles Bonnet, Dominique Valbelle: Pharaohs from black Africa . von Zabern, Mainz 2006, ISBN 978-3-8053-3648-2 .
• Christian Dereser: The 25th Dynasty: Egypt under Nubian rule . In: Gabriele Höber-Kamel (Ed.): Kemet issue 1/2011 . Kemet, 2011, ISSN  0943-5972 , p. 22 .
• Karl Jansen-Winkeln : The Chronology of the Third Intermediate Period: Dyns 22-24. In: Erik Hornung, Rolf Krauss, David A. Warburton (eds.): Ancient Egyptian Chronology (= Handbook of Oriental studies. Section One. The Near and Middle East. Volume 83). Brill, Leiden / Boston 2006, ISBN 978-90-04-11385-5 , pp. 234-264 ( online ).
• Karl Jansen-Winkeln: The 25th Dynasty . In: Inscriptions of the Late Period . Part III. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2009, ISBN 3-423-03365-7 , pp. 39-53 .
• Jean Leclant: Shabataka . In: Wolfgang Helck (Hrsg.): Lexikon der Ägyptologie (LdÄ) . tape V . Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1984, ISBN 3-447-02489-5 , pp. 514-520 .
• Thomas Schneider : Lexicon of the Pharaohs . Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, ISBN 3-491-96053-3 , p. 246-247 .

Individual evidence

1. ^ Aidan Dodson, Dyan Hilton: The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. Thames & Hudson, London 2004, ISBN 0-500-05128-3 , pp. 236-237.
2. ^ Gerard PF Broekman: Genealogical considerations regarding the kings of the Twenty-Fifth Dynasty in Egypt. In Göttingen Miscellen . (GM) Volume 251, Göttingen 2017, p. 14.
3. ^ Gerard PF Broekman: Genealogical considerations regarding the kings of the Twenty-Fifth Dynasty in Egypt. In Göttingen Miscellen . Volume 251, Göttingen 2017, pp. 13-20.
4. ↑ Jansen-Winkeln: The 25th Dynasty. Wiesbaden 2009, p. 40.
5. ↑ Jansen-Winkeln: The 25th Dynasty. Wiesbaden 2009, p. 53.
6. ^ T. Schneider: Lexicon of the Pharaohs. Düsseldorf 2002, p. 247.
7. ↑ ^{a b} J. Leclant: Schabataka. Wiesbaden 1984, p. 514.
8. ↑ Jansen-Winkeln: The 25th Dynasty. Wiesbaden 2009, pp. 51-53.
9. ↑ Jansen-Winkeln: The 25th Dynasty. Wiesbaden 2009, p. 51.

Web links

Commons : Schebitko  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Angelika Lohwasser :  Schebitqo. In: Michaela Bauks, Klaus Koenen, Stefan Alkier (eds.): The scientific biblical lexicon on the Internet (WiBiLex), Stuttgart 2006 ff., Accessed on February 25, 2009.

predecessor	Office	successor
Pije	Pharaoh of Egypt 715/713 to 708/707 BC Chr.	Shabaka
Pije	King of Nubia 715/713 to 708/707 BC Chr.	Shabaka