Shotgun Wedding

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Trailing Shotgun Wedding in the USA

Shotgun Wedding ( f .; English for " shotgun wedding") is a colloquial American expression for a marriage under the impression of an existing (unplanned) pregnancy . In a figurative sense, the term is used for involuntary or inappropriate pairings or mergers or for violent excesses during a wedding celebration .

background

Similar to the musical Oklahoma! In 1943 and in many songs and stories that were widespread as early as the 18th and 19th centuries, the name Shotgun Wedding gives the impression that the father of the pregnant bride is forcing the marriage at gunpoint (a " gun ", a shotgun ). The idiom is part of American folklore .

The creation of a shotgun wedding is typical for American backwoodsmen ( rednecks and hillbillies ). An adaptation in a musical film by the band The Monkees ( Hillbilly Honeymoon or Double Barrel Shotgun Wedding ) from 1967 reproduces the typical scenery. She is also quoted in erotic films and formats.

Alan Dunde's compilation of fax folklore and form parodies quotes, among other things, a satire on the bureaucracy of the American military. In a supposed application form for potential brides of marines, the candidate is asked about the presence of shotguns in the candidate's family, which the Shotgun Wedding brings to mind.

In Brazil , among other places , Shotgun Wedding is also used as a party motif and recreated on the occasion of the midsummer celebrations , the Festa Junina . It is also about a folkloric adaptation of country life. The custom is now widespread in the United States, especially in states and settlements with a larger Brazilian community.

Aspect of forced marriage

As Shotgun Wedding , among others, in the Indian state is Bihar forced marriages without prior relationship or not designated under the influence of pregnancy. In Bihar there are frequent abductions of possible bridegrooms who are then forced at gunpoint to marry a bride without a dowry . The background to this is the traditionally ruinous dowry obligations of the bride family, which can be traded down a little in the face of an already forced marriage.

Teenage pregnancies are relatively common in the USA, and a marriage in this context is less considered forced than responsible behavior on the part of the expectant father, as his coming of age . The absence of shotgun weddings, or the significantly higher proportion of single mothers in the black community, especially in the city centers, is seen as irresponsible and a fundamental shortage, not only in rural America.

According to Gordon Boyack Dahl and Enrico Moretti, a 2004 study of the preference for sons, the probability of a shotgun wedding is slightly higher if the potential bride is known to be expecting a boy.

Transferred use

The use of Shotgun Wedding in the figurative sense denotes involuntary or inappropriate mergers. So who called Congressman Ed Towns after the report of a US commission of inquiry to the financial crisis, the merger of Bank of America and Merrill Lynch as Shotgun Wedding. In the science magazine Science , a possible forced merger of ESA with NASA was discussed as an opportunity for a joint Mars mission under the question of a shotgun wedding .

Some movies and TV episodes titled Shotgun Wedding refer to violent rioting during a wedding. The opening scene of Tarantino's Kill Bill - Volume 1 combines both aspects - the heavily pregnant bride and her wedding party are gunned down by the former lover and former colleagues during a rehearsal of the ceremony, and the rural scenery also fits the stereotype.

Examples of adaptations

The film database Internet Movie Database has 31 entries with the keyword shotgun wedding .

  • Shotgun Wedding is the title of an Australian film made by Paul Harmon in 1993, an American film made in 2013 and an episode of the British SF series Bugs - The Specialists .
  • In 1991 a music album by Lydia Lunch and Rowland S. Howard came out under the title. Trivial novels under the title are known among others by the British author Sharon Kendrick .
  • Edgar G. Ulmer's Yiddish-American film American Matchmaker (Americans Shadkhn) from 1940 used the consonance of shadkhn (Schadchen, Yiddish matchmaker , couplers ) and shotgun , which is also anchored in the Yiddish folklore.
  • The American soul and R&B singer Roy C released the single Shotgun Wedding in the mid-1960s . The song describes a forced marriage from the perspective of desperate groom, begins with an intro in which a short passage of the wedding march out Treulich of Richard Wagner and typical film Ricochet -Klänge were combined.
  • Billy Idol's hit White Wedding from 1982 is about a shotgun wedding .
  • One of the running gags of the TV series A Terribly Nice Family was the marriage of Al Bundy and Peggy Wanker: Wanker became pregnant by Bundy due to a recycling mishap (the condom burst repeatedly) and her father Ephraim brought him to the altar at gunpoint.

Comparable expressions in other countries

In German, there is sometimes talk of a eavesdropping when marriage and baptism coincide, the process of marriage accelerated by pregnancy is referred to, among other things, as marriage with a tailwind .

In Tyrol there is talk of an "Andreas Hofer wedding" when the bride is pregnant. This expression is inspired by the saying "Mander, s'ischt Zeit" (men: It's time!), Which is attributed to the Tyrolean freedom fighter and Andreas Hofer , who is revered as a national hero .

The slang expression 出来 ち ゃ っ た (結) 婚dekichatta kekkon or dekichatta-kon has been used in Japan since the 1990s (roughly: “must marry”). The pop star Shizuka Kudo is considered a trendsetter when she married the singer and actor Takuya Kimura during her pregnancy in 2000 . In 2002, the actress Sae Isshiki followed . The J-Pop singer Namie Amuro also got married while pregnant, as did Anna Tsuchiya , Meisa Kuroki , and melody. and Leah Dizon . In 2000, 26 percent of the approximately 570,000 first births had mothers who became pregnant before their subsequent marriage.

In China , the expression 奉 子 成婚 , Fèngzǐchénghūn ("married according to child arrangement") is used.

In Korea the expression 속도 위반 Sokdowebaan (" exceeding the speed limit") is used, in Vietnam Bác sĩ bảo cưới ("the doctor said so").

The Dutch equivalent is moetje ( reduced verb form of “must”, literally: must-chen).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kimberly D. Cartwright: Shotgun Weddings and the Meaning of Marriage in Russia. An Event History Analysis. In: The History of the Family. Volume 5, No. 1, 2000, pp. 1–22, here p. ?? (English; doi : 10.1016 / S1081-602X (00) 00029-4 ).
  2. ^ A b Diane Watt, Richard Phillips: De-centering Sexualities. Politics and Representations Beyond the Metropolis David Shuttleton. Routledge, London 2000, p. 89 (English).
  3. ^ Internet Movie Database : Hillbilly Honeymoon. Movie description, accessed September 16, 2014.
  4. ^ Alan Dundes , Carl R. Pagter: Work Hard and You Shall be Rewarded. Urban Folklore from the Paperwork Empire. Wayne State University Press, 1978, pp. ?? (English).
  5. ↑ María Herrera-Sobek: Celebrating Latino Folklore. An Encyclopedia of Cultural Traditions. Volume 1, ABC-CLIO, 2012, p. 147 (English).
  6. ↑ Amitabh Srivastava: Bihar's Shotgun Weddings. In: India Today . March 25, 2010, accessed September 16, 2014.
  7. ^ Fertility and Commitment: Bringing Men Back In. In: Frances K. Goldscheider, Gayle Kaufman: Population and Development. Volume 22, supplementary volume: Fertility in the United States: New Patterns, New Theories. 1996, pp. 87-99, here p. ?? (English).
  8. ↑ Gordon Boyack Dahl, Enrico Moretti: The Demand for Sons. Evidence from Divorce, Fertility, and Shotgun Marriage. Edition 10281, National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004, p. ?? (English).
  9. ↑ Veronika Koller: A Shotgun Wedding. Co-occurrence of War and Marriage Metaphors in Mmergers and Acquisitions Discourse. In: Metaphor and Symbol. Volume 17, 2002, pp. 179–203, here p. ?? (English).
  10. ^ Phil Angelides: Financial Crisis Inquiry Report. Diane Publishing, March 1, 2011, p. 384.
  11. ↑ Andrew Lawler: Space Science: Can a Shotgun Wedding Help NASA And ESA Explore the Red Planet? In: Science . Volume 323, No. 5922, March 27, 2009, pp. 1666–1667 (English; doi : 10.1126 / science.323.5922.1666 ).
  12. ↑ Internet Movie Database : shotgun wedding. Keyword query, accessed on September 16, 2014 (English).
  13. ↑ Sharon Kendrick: Shameful Secret, Shotgun Wedding. Mills & Boon, October 1, 2010, pp. ?? (English).
  14. ↑ Bernd Herzogenrath: The Films of Edgar G. Ulmer. Scarecrow, May 20, 2009, pp. ?? (English).
  15. ↑ Steve Koppman, Lion Koppman, Jason Aronson: A Treasury of American-Jewish Folklore. Incorporated, May 31, 1998, pp. ?? (English).
  16. ↑ Roland Girtler : The fine people. The noble way of going through life. Böhlau, Vienna 2002, p. 328.
  17. ↑ Bernhard Kirchgässner, Fritz Reute: Urban fringe groups and minorities. Southwest German Working Group for Urban History Research, Thorbecke 1986, p. 24.
  18. ↑ albertusmagnus (pseudonym): Andreas Hofer wedding. In: ostarrichi.org. 2010, accessed September 16, 2014.
  19. ↑ a b Haruna Kashiwase: Shotgun Weddings: a Sign of the Times in Japan. In: Population Reference Bureau. July 2002, accessed September 16, 2014.
  20. ↑ Julian Ryall: Japan Embraces Shotgun Weddings. In: The Daily Telegraph . June 22, 2009, accessed September 16, 2014.
  21. ↑ 奉 子 成婚 成 常 現象 "大肚 新娘" 挑戰 傳統 貞操  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: chinapress.net. Without date (Chinese): "Married by the child became a norm, Pregnant brides are challenging the traditional chastity."@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.chinapress.net  
  22. ↑ “奉 子 成婚” 挑战 传统 道德 底线 ( Memento of the original from June 10, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: sdenews.com. Without date (Chinese): " Married by the Child challenging traditional marital limits." @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.sdenews.com
  23. ↑ Large dictionary of the Dutch language : moet je (het; o; meervoud: moetjes) 1 (informeel) gedwongen huwelijk (wegens zwangerschap) , accessed on May 1, 2020 (Dutch)