Spree Tunnel Friedrichshagen

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Spree Tunnel Friedrichshagen
Spree Tunnel Friedrichshagen
North entrance (Friedrichshagen)
use Pedestrian traffic , cyclists
traffic connection Friedrichshagen – Kämmereiheide
place Berlin district Treptow-Koepenick
length 120 (stairs: 19.80 m and 20.10 m)dep1
Number of tubes 1
cross-section Width: 5.00 m, height: 2.50 m
Largest coverage covered with 1.5 m
construction
Client Magistratsoberbaurat Karl Sievers and Heirich La Baume
building-costs 1 million Reichsmarks
start of building February 1926
completion May 1927
planner Bridge Construction Office / Grün & Bilfinger AG
business
operator District Office Berlin-Köpenick
toll no
release May 25, 1927
location
Spree Tunnel Friedrichshagen (Berlin)
Red pog.svg
Red pog.svg
Coordinates
North portal 52 ° 26 ′ 41 ″  N , 13 ° 37 ′ 34 ″  E
South portal 52 ° 26 ′ 39 "  N , 13 ° 37 ′ 29"  E

The Spreetunnel Friedrichshagen is a pedestrian tunnel that crossed the Spree and was opened in 1927 at Müggelsee in Berlin . It connects the Kämmereiheide near Köpenick with the Müggelpark in the Friedrichshagen district and replaced an earlier ferry operated at this point .

The Spreetunnel is part of the cycle and hiking trail around the Müggelsee and is used by the E11 long-distance hiking trail . Along the banks of the Spree, the Spreeweg / Berliner Urstromtal runs as Grüner Hauptweg 1 .

There are two popular bathing spots near the southern exit, popularly known as “runner” (because of the shallow water) and “carpet” (because of the green lawn there).

history

West side 1928
East side 1936
South entrance (Köpenick 2013)
Down in the tunnel

Around 1900 the village of Friedrichshagen was a place in the green " jwd ", to which many Berliners flocked on weekends. Since 1895 a steam-powered prahmfähre (steam-powered chain ferry) has been commuting from Pfeiffergasse with the excursion restaurant “Strandschloss”, built in 1896, across the Spree to the Spindler Tower built around 1880 and the “Müggelschlösschen” restaurant built in 1873. There were daily peaks with 40,000 day trippers on the ferry, which could hold a maximum of 265 people, and there were long waiting times. There were calls for a bridge or a tunnel. A footbridge planned in 1918/1919 with a 14 m clearance over the Müggelspree was rejected by the shipping authorities.

The decision came with the changed planning sovereignty for Köpenick and Friedrichshagen through the formation of Greater Berlin . On June 18, 1925, the city council approved the tunnel variant. The design came from the bridge construction authority in Berlin . The tunnel was built in 1926/1927 in the New Objectivity style . The construction manager of the tunnel was the chief building officer Karl Sievers . The project for the construction of this tunnel was developed together with the municipal building officer Heinrich La Baume . It became the first reinforced concrete tunnel in Germany to be built using a caisson construction using compressed air. The Grün & Bilfinger AG (Mannheim) built it in 16 months of construction for around one million Reichsmarks ; on May 26, 1927 ( Ascension Day ) it was presented to the public. To maintain shipping traffic, the tunnel tube was constructed in two parts as caissons made of reinforced concrete on island embankments that reached above the water level. The boxes were lowered to the planned foundation level in 34 days using air pressure technology. Its name was originally the pedestrian tunnel in Friedrichshagen .

Fanatic Nazis tried to blow up the Spree tunnel in April 1945 (“Aktion Panzerbär”). A communist named Zoelisch managed to cut the fuses laid in the Spree tunnel for the explosive charges. Towards the end of the Second World War , the southern tunnel exit was damaged by a bomb. The two inns were bombed; today only a few rubble on the forest floor and the beer garden chestnuts can be seen. After the end of the war, the tunnel on the south side, still accessible, was repaired with a simplified roof for the staircase area.

Data

The Spreetunnel is on Berlin's list of architectural monuments . The Spree tunnel and the northern stairway area are in Friedrichshagen, as the border of the district runs on the south bank of the Müggelspree; the southern stairway area is in the Köpenick district.

The tunnel is covered by around 1.5 meters. The dredged Müggelspree is about 2.5 meters deep. The shore area is up to 1.5 meters above the water level. The difference in height between the tunnel floor and the water level is 8.4 meters. The upper edge of the tunnel construction is around 4 meters below the water level and can therefore easily be driven over by ships. The construction of the access building consists of a full-walled reinforced concrete trough, which stands on a 13 m long caisson and landside piles.

Further data
overall length 120.00 m
Tunnel tube 080.10 m
Staircases, north 019.80 m
Staircases, south 020.10 m
clear width 005.06 m
clear height 002.55 m
Wall thickness 000.45 m

Refurbishment work took place between October 2015 and September 2016. The staircases and bicycle ramps including floor tiles, tiled mirrors and facades and ceilings were renovated, the central railing was re-erected. Tunnel drainage (pump and waste water pressure line), electrical system and lighting were renewed. The total costs of € 650,000 gross were borne by the State of Berlin . An elevator in the Spreetunnel is "not feasible for structural reasons [...]".

See also

literature

  • Eckhard Thiemann: The Spree Tunnel in Berlin-Friedrichshagen. (= Friedrichshagener Hefte , No. 61) Antiquariat Brandel, Berlin 2009, 3rd improved edition.
  • Reinhard Roggisch (ed.): The pedestrian tunnel under the Spree at Müggelmünd in Friedrichshagen (some of its creation 1925–1927). Researched, compiled and processed out of interest. Berlin-Friedrichshagen 1996.
  • Heinrich La Baume: The construction of the pedestrian tunnel under the Spree in Berlin-Friedrichshagen. In: The construction technology. 6th year, issue 1 (January 6, 1928), issue 3 (January 20, 1928) and issue 5 (February 3, 1928), pp. 4–7, 41–43 and 63–66.

Web links

Commons : Spreetunnel Friedrichshagen  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ How to cross under the Spree with dry feet
  2. ↑ Time window number 7: The Spreetunnel
  3. ^ Pedestrian tunnel in Friedrichshagen . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1943, part 4, p. 2119.
  4. ↑ The Müggelturm host Wichelhaus defended his restaurant against the SS destructive rage, to which the Bismarckwarte had already fallen victim. From: District Office Treptow-Köpenick press release of April 9, 2010
  5. ^ Anti-fascist resistance during the last days of the war in Berlin . From: Gerhard Keiderling: Berlin 1945-1986 , Berlin 1987, p. 19ff
  6. ↑ Due to the location of both sites on a "reference area" of the Berlin forests, which are no longer cultivated, and their peripheral location to the drinking water protection area, they will be left to nature.
  7. ↑ A picture: Eckhard Thiemann, Dieter Desczyk: When the bridges knelt in the water . Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2015, p. 10
  8. ↑ Historical with many details, a sectional drawing and other things. From: friedrichshagen.net, accessed on November 20, 2012
  9. ↑ Monument tunnel
  10. ↑ Map of Berlin 1: 5000: Between Müggelspree and Müggelsee
  11. ↑ a b Roads and bridges for Berlin: Spreetunnel Friedrichshagen
  12. ^ Senate spokeswoman Dorothee Winden after Berliner Kurier on the Spree tunnel The stair joke of Friedrichshagen . 15th August 2017
  13. ↑ Spreetunnel not for the disabled . In: Berliner Woche , Ralf Drescher, January 14, 2016: it would be "... the demolition and construction of the two listed access structures would be necessary but there was no reliable cost estimate, one would have to assume a double-digit million amount."