List of Spree Tunnels
Despite the difficult subsoil in Berlin's glacial valley, there are numerous tunnels under the Spree in Berlin . These tunnels extend downstream of the Spree from the Friedrichshagen district to Charlottenburg .
There are a total of 17 Spree tunnels. Two of them are no longer usable, two are used for supply lines, one for non-public traffic in the government buildings, one is a non-public operating line for the underground, and another is currently under construction. The remaining 10 tunnels are open to the public: one for pedestrians, one for road traffic, one for rail traffic, one for the S-Bahn and six for the underground .
There are specific plans for an 18th Spree tunnel, namely the extension of the currently built S21 S-Bahn line (Nordring – Hauptbahnhof) to Potsdamer Platz.
Friedrichshagen pedestrian tunnel
The Spreetunnel Friedrichshagen is a pedestrian tunnel that connects the local recreation area on the south bank of the lake with the Berlin district of Friedrichshagen just behind the outflow of the Spree from the Müggelsee . The tunnel was built between 1926 and 1927 using caisson construction.
Sewage pressure pipe Biesdorf-Waßmannsdorf
A total of 18 km long, flooded tunnel with two sewage pressure pipes built using shield driving. In 2003 it replaced the Falkenberg sewage treatment plant and crosses under the Spree parallel to the Treskow Bridge in Schöneweide.
Tram tunnel Stralau - Treptow
The Spree tunnel between Stralau and Treptow was a tram tunnel. This tunnel was built between 1895 and 1899 using the shield driving method and was the first tunnel under the Spree. During the Second World War , the tunnel was badly damaged and unusable. The ramps have been removed and the state of the tunnel is largely uncertain.
Subway tunnel route D
The underground tunnel on route D, used by the U8 line , is located directly under the Jannowitzbrücke . It was built in the years 1927 to 1930 using the cut-and-cover method and put into operation on April 18, 1930 with the extension of the route from Neanderstraße underground station (now Heinrich-Heine-Straße ) to Gesundbrunnen .
Underground connecting tunnel routes D and E
The underground connecting tunnel between routes D and E results from an originally different route on route D. During the First World War , AEG Schnellbahn AG built this tunnel. It runs diagonally under the Spree from Littenstrasse to Brückenstrasse. Due to economic difficulties as a result of the war, however, the AEG Schnellbahn AG had to be liquidated and could not complete the subway construction. When the city of Berlin resumed construction on this line in 1926, the route was changed and the existing tunnel was only used as an operational connection between routes D (line U8) and E (line U5).
The tunnel was built by the Siemens-Bauunion using a construction method patented by it. A concrete ceiling was poured under water into the base of the Spree and then the ground was dug under the concrete slab while lowering the groundwater. In this way, the impairment of shipping could be reduced to a minimum.
This tunnel is also known as the "orphan tunnel".
Bewag tunnel
The Bewag tunnel represents a 380 kV connection between the Friedrichshain substations and the middle of 50Hertz Transmission (formerly Bewag , Vattenfall ) and is likely to be the "most unknown" Spree tunnel . It was built between 1994 and 1999 using the shield tunneling method , has a diameter of a good three meters and crosses the Spree at a depth of about 25 meters in the area between Littenstrasse and Märkisches Ufer .
Underground tunnel route A
The first underground tunnel under the Spree was built in the years 1910 to 1913 between the Märkischer Ufer and the Rolandufer as a straight extension of the Klosterstraße using the cut- and-cover method. Today the U2 line runs there .
Mühlendamm tunnel
When the Mühlendammschleuse was rebuilt in the 1930s, a planned underground line that was to lead from Alexanderplatz through Leipziger Strasse to Potsdamer Platz was also taken into account. From 1937, a shell was therefore erected, which from the south bank of the Spree crossed about halfway under it. This tunnel was about 100 m long.
After the reunification of Berlin, plans that took this section of tunnel into account were abandoned. In 1997 the tunnel was filled with concrete in order to be able to sell and build on the property.
- Detailed description of the Mühlendamm tunnel ( Memento from April 1, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
Underground tunnel route E
Extension of the U5 line , which is currently under construction , between the newly built underground stations Rotes Rathaus and Museuminsel . Since the Spree is driven under at the level of the Spree island, another joins the Spree tunnel to the west under the Spree Canal. The opening is planned for 2019.
North-south tunnel of the S-Bahn
In the course of the construction of an underground S-Bahn connection from the terminal stations Anhalter and Potsdamer Bahnhof through the city center to Stettiner Bahnhof , the Spree was also driven under near today's Ebertbrücke . The tunnel was built from 1934 to 1936 using the cut-and-cover method .
Underground tunnel route C
The U-Bahn line C, now used by the U6 line , crosses the Spree under the Weidendammer Bridge along Friedrichstrasse . The Spree crossing was built from the end of 1916 to the middle of 1921 in three construction phases using the open construction method. In 1917, however, construction work ceased completely and in the years that followed, the First World War repeatedly interrupted construction work.
The Weidendammer Bridge was demolished for the construction of the underground tunnel and then rebuilt in a new form. During the construction work there was a makeshift bridge down the Spree between Schiffbauerdamm and Reichstagufer .
Supply tunnel government district
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Between 1997 and 2001 an underground development system (UES) was built for the government district . These tunnels connect Marie-Elisabeth-Lüders-Haus , Jakob-Kaiser-Haus , Reichstag building and Paul-Löbe-Haus .
The Spree passes under a tunnel west of the Marschallbrücke , roughly in the eastern line of the Marie-Elisabeth-Lüders-Haus. The tunnel has a clear height of at least 4.2 m and a width of around eight meters. It was erected using the caisson method, with the caisson being placed under the Spree on March 27, 1999.
Underground tunnel route E
The extension of underground line E from Alexanderplatz to the main train station has been completed on the section from the Brandenburg Gate to the main train station. In this section, the subway crosses under the Spree directly south of the main station. The tunnel was built from 1995 to 2002 using the cut-and-cover method together with the directly adjacent tunnels of the long-distance railway and federal highway 96 . The Spree was temporarily diverted for this purpose.
The U55 underground line between the Hauptbahnhof and Brandenburger Tor stations was opened on August 8, 2009. With the closing of the gap between the Brandenburg Gate and Alexanderplatz, which is currently under construction, the Spree Canal , a branch of the Spree, will be underpassed south of the Schloßbrücke and the main arm of the Spree north of the Rathausbrücke .
Mainline tunnel
The north-south long-distance railway tunnel runs from the Gleisdreieck to the exit north of the main station. It is partly located under the zoo and is therefore also known as one of the zoo tunnels.
The mainline tunnel was built together with the tunnels for the underground line E and the federal highway 96 from 1995 to 2002. The Spree underpass was built using the cut-and- cover method, the rest of the tunnel mainly using shield driving . In the area under the Spree, the three tunnels run parallel, with the long-distance railway tunnel with its four tracks in the middle. Regular operations began on May 28, 2006.
Road tunnel Bundesstrasse 96
The westernmost of the three Tiergarten tunnels that pass under the Spree to the south of the main station is the Tiergarten Spreebogen Tunnel (TTS) for federal highway 96 . It runs in a north-south direction from Heidestrasse to Reichpietschufer . Colloquially, this is only referred to as the "Tiergarten Tunnel".
It was built between 1995 and 2003 using the cut-and-cover method. The tunnel was put into operation in 2006.
Underground tunnel route G
To the west of the Lessing Bridge , the G underground line, on which the U9 line operates today, crosses the Spree between the Hansaplatz and Turmstrasse stations . The construction of the section between the Spichernstrasse and Leopoldplatz stations with the Spree tunnel began on June 23, 1955. Commissioning took place on August 28, 1961.
The construction of the Spreetunnel was carried out in two construction phases using the cut-and-cover method, with due consideration for shipping.
Underground tunnel route H
The westernmost Spreetunnel is the tunnel on the U-Bahn line H, which is used by the U7 line. It is located east of the Caprivibrücke on Wintersteinstrasse between the Richard-Wagner-Platz and Mierendorffplatz underground stations .
This Spree tunnel was built from October 1974 to November 1978. To ensure that the construction site remained passable for inland shipping, this was done in two construction phases. However, the caisson construction method was used here , with single-track tunnel boxes being sunk for each direction. The tunnel was put into operation on October 1, 1980.