St. James the Elder (Effeldorf)

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The church in Effeldorf

The Church of St. James the Elder is the Catholic parish church in the village of Effeldorf , a district of Dettelbach . The church is on Jesuitenstrasse in the middle of the village. Originally there was a Loreto chapel , which was integrated into the current building as a choir. The church belongs to the dean's office in Kitzingen.

history

In 1566 the order of the Jesuits received the village Effeldorf from the Hochstift Würzburg . It should serve as a supply point for the Würzburg settlement of the monks. With the Jesuits, the so-called Loreto cult also came to the Franconian village. The Jesuits in Italy, near Ancona, already looked after the actual place of pilgrimage and, through their possessions, ensured that the cult spread throughout Europe.

A few years later, in 1652, a small chapel was built in Effeldorf, the dimensions and interior of which were based on the Italian original. In 1653 the little church was consecrated by the Würzburg auxiliary bishop Johann Melchior Söllner , and in 1655 Pope Innocent X set some indulgences on the day of consecration. In 1680 the copy of the Madonna of Loreto was put up as a pilgrimage picture. With the chapel, the only Franconian counterpart of the Casa Santa in Loreto was created.

When the Jesuit order was dissolved in 1773, the Loreto cult also lost its importance and the pilgrimage to the chapel subsided. With the construction of the larger parish church in 1787, the chapel was integrated into the new church as a choir, the Marian patronage was given up and the new building was dedicated to St. James . With these alterations, the actual purpose of the pilgrimage church disappeared further.

Around 1900 the Jakobuskirche received some furnishings in the neo-baroque style, the chapel had meanwhile been converted into a sacristy after an eastern extension had been built in the 19th century. In 2009 the dilapidated extension was demolished. At the same time, the village remembered the old Loreto chapel and had the choir room restored to its original state by the Würzburg Cathedral Chapter Jürgen Lenssen . The church is classified as an architectural monument, underground remains of previous buildings are listed as a ground monument.

architecture

The church building is an east-facing hall building . A ridge turret on the west side ends in a tied-off tower hood. A chapel in the east was built onto the oblique nave on a rectangular floor plan . Both buildings have hipped roofs, but in the west the nave has a gable roof.

On each side, three arched windows with ornate frames structure the nave. The church is entered through two portals. In the choir there is an arched window on each side, and there is also a small rectangular window. A surrounding stucco console in the nave indicates the Baroque construction period . The former chapel is lined with red bricks. A golden dove embedded in the ceiling symbolizes the Holy Spirit.

Furnishing

Tabernacle and pilgrimage picture

The choir, the former chapel, is filled with a neo-baroque tabernacle . Behind it, the pilgrimage picture of Maria Lauretana from 1680 is embedded in a wall niche on the east side. The saint is draped in gold, wears a crown and holds the baby Jesus in her arms. Two 17th century chandelier angels flank the figure.

The tabernacle was created by Franz Wilhelm Driesler from Würzburg at the turn of the 20th century. In the center, a crucifix is ​​surrounded by a structure with four twisted (twisted) columns. To the left and right of the crucified there are two figures of saints. The figure of Agnus Dei in a halo closes the tabernacle.

Side altar

The side altar of the 18th century

The origin of the side altar on the left side of the choir arch is controversial. While most authors see it as part of the secularized monastery property of the Münsterschwarzach Abbey , Erich Schneider assumes in his monograph on the Neumann Basilica that the altar comes from a chapel in the monastery district. He did not come to the Effeldorfer Chapel until the 19th century. In 1980 it was extensively renovated.

Schneider mentions the arbitrary combination of various elements of the "ancient altar", which makes an artistic classification of the piece impossible. The altar has a two-pillar structure. Rich stucco surrounds the rectangular columns that lead to a blown gable . The structure is also dominated by stucco decor. Two putti positioned around a cartridge conclude. The altarpiece shows St. Wendelin in a mountainous landscape as a shepherd among his sheep and cattle.

Further equipment

Instead of a side altar, a figure of the church patron James stands on the right side of the choir arch in the middle of a rich framework that originally surrounded the pilgrimage image of the Loreto Madonna. Two figures of Saints James and Joseph were originally positioned above the entrances to the sacristy and were placed in the window niches of the nave in the 21st century.

A simple figure of St. Anthony in the nave is marked with “St. Antonius please for us ”. A crescent moon Madonna with the child is in a niche on the left side of the nave. The so-called Queen of Heaven stands above the nave in the organ gallery. The font dates from 1803 and shows forms of historicism. A way of the cross runs around the interior of the nave.

The church pulpit , like the tabernacle, came into the church in the 19th century. It is decorated with a rich fruit ornament and sweeping volutes on the body. On the inside of the sound cover , a dove figure points to the Holy Spirit, a cloud glory closes the pulpit at the top. A modern cross, created by Jürgen Lenssen, hangs at the level of the former back wall of the chapel. Images of the four evangelists are placed in the spandrels of the ceiling.

Pastor (selection)

In the 19th century, Effeldorf was not an independent parish, but was instead looked after by the Franciscans of Dettelbach as the chaplain of Rottendorf . In 1858 the parish was raised to local chaplaincy before the village rose to parish on November 13, 1866.

Surname Term of office Remarks
Johann Grief 1858-1870 Local chaplain until 1866, pastor until 1870
Andreas Michel 1871-1885
Georg Michael Schuler 1885-1889
Michael Josef Ankenbrand 1889-1903
Sebastian Coming 1904-1922
Heinrich Grabenbauer 1923-1925
Josef Schaupp 1925-1928
Johann Leonhard 1928-1936
Heinrich Schatzel 1936-1968
Friedrich Helmschrott 1968-1973 Parish administrator, 1st term
Franz Hegmann 1973–1985 Spiritual advice , as a pastor retired
Friedrich Helmschrott 1985– Pastor until 1987, then pastor

See also

literature

  • Hans Bauer: District of Kitzingen. An art and culture guide . Market wide 1993.
  • Georg Dehio: Handbook of the German art monuments. Bavaria I: Franconia . Munich and Berlin 1999. ISBN 3-422-03051-4 .
  • Karl-Heinz Erk: 950 years of Effeldorf . Effeldorf 1990.
  • Jürgen Lenssen: Loreto Chapel Effeldorf . Wuerzburg 2010.

Web links

Commons : St. Jakobus der Elder (Effeldorf)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Bauer, Hans: District of Kitzingen . P. 33.
  2. ↑ While Lenssen (p. 3) mentions this year, Dehio (p. 306) assumes the year 1753.
  3. ^ A b Lenssen, Jürgen: Loreto Chapel Effeldorf . P. 3.
  4. ↑ Cf. Schneider, Erich: The baroque Benedictine abbey church Münsterschwarzach . P. 182.
  5. ↑ See: Trenschel, Hans-Peter: The church works of the court sculptor Johann Peter Wagner . P. 112. Trenschel assumes that Franz Xaver Feuchtmayer was the builder.
  6. ^ Lenssen, Jürgen: Loreto Chapel Effeldorf . P. 4.
  7. ↑ Erk, Karl-Heinz: 950 years Effeldorf . P. 30.

Coordinates: 49 ° 47 '48  .3 " N , 10 ° 5' 10.3"  E