St. Andreas (Schernau)

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The church in Schernau

The St. Andreas Church in Schernau in Lower Franconia is the only church building in the Dettelbach district. The Protestant parish church is also used as a simultaneous church by the Catholic parishioners.

history

Until the Thirty Years War

The history of the parish in Schernau begins in the late Middle Ages . In 1315 Abbess Richze von Kitzingen raised the village as a parish and separated it from the monastery parish . A chapel already existed in the village before that, probably on today's corridor in the church valley. It is not known when it was built.

One church has survived from the 16th century. It stood in the same place as today's church, but was oriented differently. In the years 1578/1579 Schernau became Protestant after Kitzingen had come to the Margraviate of Ansbach . The sources tell of a major repair of the church in 1579. At that time, the cemetery surrounded the church building.

The denominational differences between Schernau and the Catholic neighboring towns led to several conflicts in the following decades. During the Thirty Years War the population had Catholic clergy again at times. The Catholic lords of Künsberg had expelled the Protestant pastors and had the Dettelbach pastor preach in Schernau. In the meantime Bibergau and Schernau had come together to form a common pastoral office. After the war, Bibergau became Catholic again.

Evangelical parish of Schernau until 1802

On November 25, 1650, the legal disputes before the Reich Chamber of Commerce ended . Schernau and ten other parishes were now allowed to choose their pastor themselves, and the village became an evangelical “ grace parish ”. Thereupon the Protestant parishes of Schernau and Neuses am Berg joined forces. One began to mend the damaged church. In 1661 the walls were raised and the choir was newly vaulted.

The church now presented itself as a brick building. It had an onion-shaped roof. The roofs of the church were covered with slate . The sources report a major repair of the tower in 1690. The church building was not mentioned again until 1765 with the installation of galleries and when the tower had to be demolished due to dilapidation.

In the 18th century there were first considerations to build a new house of God, as the emergency roof was insufficient to keep the moisture out. The first applications to the Prussian government date from the same time . Before 1719 the church had a small tomb , donated by Pastor Johann Jacob Münch, below the pulpit.

The new church

The foundation stone for the new church building was laid on June 24, 1802. The builder was Thaddäus Dückelmann from Wiesentheider , who charged 6947 guilders and 33 cruisers for it. On September 7th, 1802 the church roof was finished and on October 27th the tower was erected. The largest donor was the Kingdom of Prussia with 3000 guilders, the von Roman family donated 500 guilders.

The Catholic Haug Abbey and the Gerbrunn parish near Würzburg also contributed to the financing. They enforced its use as a simultaneous church . This led to several disputes between the two denominations, which were only settled in the second half of the 20th century.

On April 17, 1803, the church was consecrated by the Euerfeld Catholic pastor and given its purpose by the Protestant community. On May 8, 1803, the first Catholic mass took place there in the church. In 1828 Schernau became its own Protestant parish when the community separated from Neuses am Berg. The church building has been renovated several times since the 19th century, most recently in 1976. The church is classified as an architectural monument, underground remains of previous buildings are listed as a ground monument.

architecture

The south side of the church with the choir

The church was built in 1802/1803 in the classicism style. It is not easted, but oriented to the south. It is a hall church with a facade tower on the north side. The nave has a gable roof, the choir located to the south ends in a hipped roof. The appearance of the church is reminiscent of the Johanneskirche in Castell, which was completed in 1792.

The façade tower is highlighted by a broad central projection that breaks through the façade of the church. An elongated arched window is attached to the left and right of this, on the risalit there is an ox eye and the central portal. A projecting cornice leads over to the two-story tower. A hexagonal upper floor was placed on top of the rectangular basement. An onion dome closes the tower at the top. An inscription from the time of construction above the facade portal reads: "God / the creator of all worlds and / father of men / this temple was dedicated to his worship / in spirit and in truth / by his admirers / to Schernau / 18-02".

Furnishing

altar

The altar in the church

The congregation received the altar in 1805 at the latest, but more likely in the year of construction in 1802 from the Catholic monastery in Heidenfeld near Schweinfurt, when it was dissolved in the course of secularization . The altar was probably designed and built by the Würzburg plasterer Petroli.

The altar has a structure with four rectangular columns. An expansive cornice , the outer sides of which are occupied by two stucco vases, leads over to the extension of golden garlands. It is crowned by the Eye of Providence, framed by two putti. Instead of an altar sheet , the plastic figure of Jesus on the cross is inserted in the halo.

Count estate

The count estate

Originally the church was equipped with three stalls. The “community administration stand” for the superiors of the community was located below the pulpit on the left side of the nave. It was later demolished. The “parish booth” in the right choir area was reserved for the pastors of the community; it has been orphaned for years. The “count or barons stand” for the barons of Roman on the right side of the nave still has its original function today. All the stalls in a light blue are or were classicist and came to the church in 1802. A cornice leads to a coat of arms of the Barons von Roman.

organ

Predecessor organs

The previous building of today's church was probably equipped with an organ as early as the 17th century . This instrument had to be repaired in 1705/06. For this, an unknown organ maker from Kitzingen received 14 lumps . A year later, on May 24, 1706, the organ had to be repaired again. The reason for this was that Catholic Oberpleichfelder and Bergtheim pilgrims had used violence against the Protestant Church.

A contract for the construction of a new organ was concluded with the Schweinfurt master Voit in 1765. It cost 205 Reichsthaler. In 1766 Johann Rudolf Voit installed the instrument, which cost 205 Reichsthalers. Improvements were made to the prospectus in 1840 and 1866. When Pastor Raab took over the pastoral position in the village in 1889, he first had the organ renovated and set up a fund for a new instrument.

Organ by Johannes Strebel

Under Raab's successor Heinrich Berger, the contract for the construction of a new organ was signed with Johannes Strebel's organ building institute in Nuremberg on October 2, 1902 . The total cost was 3,600 gold marks . On March 15, 1903, the necessary donations were received and Strebel began building. On July 12, 1903, the instrument was played in a church service for the first time. The instrument was renovated for the first time in 1961. In 1962/63 defective parts were installed so that the tones no longer sounded clean. In 1976 and 1978, experts recommended removing the Strebel organ and building a new one instead. Klaus Kopetzki, who had been maintaining the organ since 1976, suggested in 1992 that the wind chests (pneumatic pocket drawers) and the action be replaced or that the instrument should be replaced. In the 1990s there was a change in awareness of the value of the old organs. In 1999 the company Benedikt Friedrich, Oberasbach completely renovated the instrument, in 2002/2003 it was again overhauled.

Disposition

Originally constructed in 1903 Strebel - Organ
I Manual C–
1. Principal 8th'
2. Tibia 8th'
3. Gamba 8th'
4th Octav 4 ′
5. flute 4 ′
6th Mixture III 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
II Manual C–
7th Violin principal 8th'
8th. Lovely Gedackt 8th'
9. Salicional 8th'
10. Fugara 4 ′
Pedal C–
11. Sub-bass 16 ′
12. Violon 8th'
  • Pairing :
    • Normal coupling: II / I, I / P, II / P
    • Super octave coupling: I / I
  • Playing aids : Fixed combinations (p, mf, ff, 0)

Further equipment

The pulpit on the left side of the choir arch, composed of different parts, probably originates, at least in part, from the previous church. A Latin inscription translates as: "The word of God remains forever". The four evangelists are three-dimensional figures on the edge of the pulpit body. A lamb of God with several putti crowns the sound cover .

The baptismal font donated by Pastor Johann Jacob Münch and his wife in 1709 comes from the previous building. The colorful lid was not attached until 1977 and is a donation by the church painter Wiedel from Nuremberg. In 1869 the two altar candlesticks came into the church. Two donated angels were initially placed next to the altar and after 1871 they were converted into a memorial to the victims of the Franco-German War.

The chandelier in the middle of the building was donated by the confirmation class 1977/1978. Like the wall sconces, it comes from the Fangs brothers in Sweden.

The surrounding gallery dates back to the time it was built. Paintings from the previous church have been preserved on the middle gallery parapet, but they are no longer complete.

literature

  • Hans Bauer: District of Kitzingen. An art and culture guide . Market wide 1993.
  • Georg Dehio: Handbook of the German art monuments. Bavaria I: Franconia . Munich and Berlin 1999.
  • Johannes Sander: Church building in transition. Sacred architecture in Bavaria Max I. Joseph and Ludwig I. Diss . Regensburg 2013.
  • Werner Voltz: 100 years of Strebel organ St. Andreas Church Schernau . o. O. 2003.
  • Werner Voltz: 200 years of St. Andreas Church in Schernau . o. O. 2003.

Web links

Commons : St. Andreas (Schernau)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Bauer, Hans: District of Kitzingen . P. 37.
  2. ^ Voltz, Werner: 200 years of St. Andreas Church in Schernau . P. 1.
  3. ^ Voltz, Werner: 200 years of St. Andreas Church in Schernau . P. 3.
  4. ^ Dehio, Georg: Handbook of German art monuments . P. 938.
  5. ^ Voltz, Werner: 200 years of St. Andreas Church in Schernau . P. 7.
  6. ↑ Sander, Johannes: Church building in transition . P. 546.
  7. ↑ a b Voltz, Werner: 200 years of St. Andreas Church in Schernau . P. 6.
  8. ^ Voltz, Werner: 100 Years Strebel Organ St. Andreas Church Schernau . P. 1 f.
  9. ^ Voltz, Werner: 100 Years Strebel Organ St. Andreas Church Schernau . P. 6.
  10. ^ Voltz, Werner: 100 Years Strebel Organ St. Andreas Church Schernau . P. 5.

Coordinates: 49 ° 49 ′ 23.5 "  N , 10 ° 7 ′ 32.7"  E